1,720,961 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
L'illuminismo delle riforme civili: divisione del lavoro, commercio, produzione della ricchezza
No full textRIASSUNTO La formazione dell’economia politica e’ strettamente collegata alle tradizioni intellettuali dell’illuminismo. Tuttavia l’illuminismo degli economisti e’ un fenomeno complesso di cui e’ importante non dimenticare la pluralita’ di articolazioni. Non diversamente da quello che accade per l’lluminismo in generale, anche l’illuminismo degli economisti si esprime attraverso analisi e proposte spesso molto lontane fra loro, anche se non e’ difficile individuarne una matrice comune. Ad esempio, l’illuminismo di coloro che, come i Fisiocrati, assumono il punto di vista dei “consiglieri esterni” rispetto all’autorita’ sovrana e’ profondamente diverso dalla prospettiva degli economisti che adottano l’ottica dei “commercianti colti” e sottolineano l’autonomia relativa di divisione del lavoro e mercati rispetto agli stati; cosi’ come e’ diverso dalla prospettiva di quegli economisti che si collocano per cosi’ dire in una posizione intermedia fra mercati e strutture di governo e ne esplorano le interdipendenze sul piano analitico e su quello dell’azione politico-amministrativa.
La riflessione economica degli illuministi lombardi si caratterizza per la capacita’ di visualizzare, all’interno di uno stesso sistema di analisi e di proposte, sia il punto di vista “orizzontale” della divisione del lavoro e degli scambi sia la prospettiva “verticale” degli apparati amministrativi. Si delinea in questo modo uno schema di economia politica e di governo dell’economia che e’ lontano dall’illuminismo radicale di Condorcet, Morellet, Paine, cosi’ come e’ lontano dal punto di vista del laisser faire “dirigista” di Quesnay e della sua scuola, e dal riformismo più aperto a interventi mirati di Genovesi, Galiani e Tanucci. Il duplice inserimento di molti dei suoi esponenti (e in primo luogo di Cesare Beccaria e Pietro Verri) all’interno della classe dirigente milanese ma anche nelle strutture di governo dell’autorita’ centrale rende il loro contributo di particolare efficacia. L’obiettivo principale di questa relazione e’ discutere il contributo degli illuministi lombardi alla definizione di un corpus di economia politica caratterizzato dalla sovrapposizione fra punto di vista della societa’ commerciale e punto di vista degli apparati di governo (sovrapposizione che in questo convegno abbiamo inteso caratterizzare con l’espressione di illuminismo civile). I risultati di questo intreccio sono spesso di grande interesse per quanto riguarda la comprensione dei nessi tra divisione del lavoro e mercati, ordinamemento giuridico e governo dell’economia. Come si è prima osservato, divisione del lavoro e mercati costituiscono ambiti privilegiati di attenzione per economisti che assegnano alle capacità di iniziativa di individui e gruppi un’efficacia autonoma rispetto alle decisioni politiche e alle loro conseguenze sul piano amministrativo. Questo spiega la centralità rispettiva di divisione del lavoro e commerci negli scritti economici di Beccaria e Verri. In particolare, il punto di vista dell’illuminismo civile suggerisce immediatamente la necessità di inserire la divisione del lavoro in un tessuto complesso di organizzazione “gerarchica” delle strutture produttive (Beccaria); lo stesso punto di vista indica l’esigenza di studiare commerci e mercati mettendo in risalto architetture istituzionali e configurazioni amministrative piuttosto che situazioni e criteri di scelta derivati per via inferenziale da principi di razionalità astratta (Verri).
In questa prospettiva, assume un ruolo centrale l’analisi delle azioni di governo intese come interventi “interni” alle stesse strutture della divisione del lavoro e dei mercati, e proprio per questa ragione efficaci a sollecitare e orientare capacità già esistenti all’interno del tessuto sociale. Diritto, amministrazione e politica monetaria configurano un quadro di analisi e di proposte che colloca al centro dell’interesse i processi di formazione della ricchezza e li considera parte integrante della struttura sociale nelle sue articolazioni istituzionali e amministrative. Si delinea in questo modo un insieme di implicazioni reciproche fra economia, politica e società che costituisce l’aspetto più caratteristico dell’illuminismo delle riforme civili.
THE ENLIGHTENMENT OF CIVIL REFORMS: COMMERCE, DIVISION OF LABOUR, AND THE PRODUCTION OF WEALTH
ABSTRACT
The formation of political economy is closely associated with the intellectual traditions of the enlightenment. However, the economists’ enlightenment is a complex process characterized by a plurality of roots and expressions. It encompasses analyses and policy proposals remarkably distant from each other and yet pointing to a common matrix of concepts and beliefs. To take one example, the enlightenment of the Physiocrats, who take the standpoint of ‘external advisors’ to the Sovereign, is different from the enlightenment of those ‘cultivated traders’ who emphasize the relative autonomy of division of labour and markets relative to the state; as it is different from the standpoint of economists who focus on the middle ground between markets and governmental structures and explore that interdependence both at the level of analysis and at that of administrative and political action. The contributions of the Lombard Enlightenment are characterized by the ability to visualize, within a given analytical framework, both the ‘horizontal’ standpoint of division of labour and exchange, and the ‘vertical’ perspective of administrative structures. In this way, the Lombard economic enlightenment brings into being a scheme of economic analysis and economic governance that is distinct from the radical Enlightenment of Condorcet, Morellet and Paine, as it is distinct from the ‘top-down’ laisser faire of Quesnay and Physiocracy in France, and from Genovesi’s, Galiani’s and Tanucci’s more active and context-dependent approach to economic policy in Naples. Many economists of the Lombard Enlightenment, such as Cesare Beccaria and Pietro Verri, were part of the Milanese social elite but were also active in the administrative structures of government. This makes their intellectual and policy activity of special interest. The principal objective of this paper is to discuss the contribution of the Lombard Enlightenment to the definition of a body of economic knowledge in which it is possible to see a clear overlap between the point of view of commercial society and that of governmental structures (an overlap that is characteristic of the intellectual make up of civil enlightenment). This overlap is of distinctive importance for investigation of the relationship between division of labour and markets, legal arrangements, and governance of the economy. Division of labour and markets are central to economists considering the initiatives of individuals and groups independently of political decisions and of their administrative consequences. This explains the central position of trade and division of labour in the writings of Beccaria and Verri. However, the perspective of the civil enlightenment suggests including division of labour within a complex organizational hierarchy of productive activities (Beccaria). The same point of view also calls attention to the need of investigating commerce and markets by focusing on institutional and administrative conditions rather than on choice criteria derived from abstract rationality principles (Verri). The Lombard enlightenment economists emphasize the central position of governmental actions as external interventions with respect to division of labour and markets, and for this reason capable of triggering the activation of possibilities existing within the given social context. Law, administration and monetary policy bring about an analytical and policy framework focusing on the process of wealth formation and considering this process as embedded in the institutional and administrative arrangements of society. In this way, the economists of the Lombard Enlightenment emphasize the mutual relationship between administrative governance, economic improvement , and social structures, and take this relationship to be at the core of that enlightenment of civil reforms to which they contribute
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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