1,720,970 research outputs found
From preclinical stroke models to humans: Polyphenols in the prevention and treatment of stroke
Full text linkPolyphenols are an important family of molecules of vegetal origin present in many me-dicinal and edible plants, which represent important alimentary sources in the human diet. Poly-phenols are known for their beneficial health effects and have been investigated for their potential protective role against various pathologies, including cancer, brain dysfunctions, cardiovascular diseases and stroke. The prevention of stroke promoted by polyphenols relies mainly on their effect on cardio-and cerebrovascular systems. However, a growing body of evidence from preclinical models of stroke points out a neuroprotective role of these molecules. Notably, in many preclinical studies, the polyphenolic compounds were effective also when administered after the stroke onset, suggesting their possible use in promoting recovery of patients suffering from stroke. Here, we review the effects of the major polyphenols in cellular and in vivo models of both ischemic and hem-orrhagic stroke in immature and adult brains. The results from human studies are also reported
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
NF-κB unbalance and dysfunction in acute and age-related neurodegenerative disease
No full textThe mechanisms underlying the progressive loss of neurons in age-related neurodegenerative diseases
remain unknown to date. NF-κB factors are cardinal transcriptional regulators of inflammation and
apoptosis and have been involved in the brain programming of systemic aging as well as in the pathogenesis
of brain ischemia. Studies focusing on the complexity of NF-κB transcriptional activity in neuronal cell
death showed that the composition of NF-κB active dimers and epigenetic mechanisms modulating
histone acetylation finely condition neuronal vulnerability to brain ischemia. The atypical activation of
NF-κB RelA acetylated on lysine 310 (K310) residue can trigger the expression of apoptotic genes but
also constitutes a target for a neuroprotective combination of epigenetic drugs. Conversely, activation of
NF-κB/c-Rel promotes neuroprotective effects through the transcription of specific anti-apoptotic genes.
In addition, the absence of c-Rel shatters the resilience of nigral dopaminergic (DA) neurons to aging and
induces parkinsonian features in mice. Indeed, we found that c-Rel-deficient mice show an increased RelA
activation in the basal ganglia, and develop an L-DOPA-responsive parkinsonism associated with loss of
DA neurons in the substantia nigra, neuroinflammation, accumulation of alpha-synuclein and iron during
aging. Here, we discuss the effect of unbalanced activation of RelA and c-Rel during aging and propose
novel challenges for the development of potential therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative diseases
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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