117,491 research outputs found
Chronic imipramine, L-sulpiride and mianserin decrease Corticotropin releasing Factor levels in the rat brain
No full textAmong clinically effective antidepressant drugs, the action mechanism of mianserin has recently been related to variations in corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) levels in the rat locus coeruleus. We describe a specific effect on CRF levels after chronic treatment with different antidepressants: mianserin (10 mg/kg), imipramine (20 mg/kg), both for 21 days, or L-sulpiride (1 mg/kg) for 15 days. While all antidepressants used greatly decreased CRF concentrations in the hypothalamus, only mianserin decreased CRF concentrations by 40% in extrahypothalamic sites. Acute treatments failed to modify CRF levels. Chronic treatment with mianserin did not affect CRF density either in the hypothalamus or the extrahypothalamic areas. This new finding may add another facet to the therapeutic action of certain antidepressants and in particular to the atypical profile of mianserin
Streetsia porcella
No full textStreetsia porcella (Claus, 1879) Oxycephalus porcellus Claus, 1879a: 194 (48). Streetsia porcella.— Brusca, 1981: 13 (list), 33 (key), fig. 23d, l; Vinogradov et al., 1996: 511 (key), 516‒519, fig. 224; Gasca, 2009: 89 (tab. 1); Lavaniegos & Hereu, 2009: 152 (appendix); Gasca et al., 2012: 126 (tab. 1); Lavaniegos, 2014: 5 (tab. 1); Zeidler, 2016: 93‒96 (passim), 96 (key). Streetsia intermedia Spandl, 1927: 188‒190, figs. 20, 21 a‒l. Streetsia nyctiphanes Fage, 1934: 1631. Material examined. 5M, 1F in four localities (Fig. 5). TALUD III. St. 19 (25°12’00”N, 109°07’00”W), August 20, 1991, 2M, I-K, surface to 410 m (TD, 920 m) (ICML-EMU-12979-A); St. 19B (25°18’24”N, 109°18’36”W), August 20, 1991, 1M, I-K from surface to 600 m (TD, 1890 m) (ICML-EMU-12979-B). TALUD IV. St. 7 (22°00’22”N, 106°49’18”W), August 23, 2000, 1M, 1F, MN from surface to 500 m (TD, 1970 m) (ECOSUR-10563); St. 15 (23°23’30”N, 107°47’48”W), August 24, 2000, 1M, MN from surface to 1500 m (TD, 2350 m) (ICML-EMU-12980). Distribution. Epipelagic in tropical and subtropical waters of all oceans; Mediterranean Sea (Fage, 1960). In the eastern Pacific present in the Mexican portion of the California Current (Lavaniegos & Hereu 2009) and the SE Gulf of California (this study). Remarks. The head of this species is shorter than in the other species of the genus and the body is more robust. Found mostly between 0 and 300 m depth (Vinogradov et al. 1996). Not recorded previously by Siegel-Causey (1982) in the Gulf of California and not listed by García Madrigal (2007) for the tropical eastern Pacific, S. porcella had been consistently collected in the Mexican portion of the California Current (Lavaniegos & Hereu 2009, Lavaniegos 2014). During our survey it was recorded in four localities in the Gulf of California (Fig. 5).Published as part of Gasca, Rebeca & Hendrickx, Michel E., 2022, Pelagic amphipods (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyperiidea) in western Mexico. 7 Superfamily Platysceloidea. Family Oxycephalidae, pp. 219-236 in Zootaxa 5105 (2) on pages 229-230, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5105.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/633252
Δ9-Tetrahydrpcannabinol increases sequence-specific AP-1 DNA-binding activity and Fos-related antigens in the rat brain
No full textDelta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), the psychoactive principle of marijuana, has been shown to upregulate the mRNA levels of immediate-early genes in the rat brain. Using electrophoretic mobility-shift assay and onedimensional Western blot, we here report that Δ9-THC increases Activator protein-1 (AP-1) DNA-binding and Fos-related antigen activity in discrete areas of the rat brain. One hour after the intraperitoneal administration of Δ9-THC at a dose of 10 or 15 mg/kg, AP-1 DNA-binding activity in the nucleus accumbens increased by 33 and 49%, respectively, while Western blot showed an increase in both c-Fos, FosB, Fra-1 (Fos-related antigen) and Fra-2. In the cingulate cortex and caudate-putamen, Δ9-THC significantly increased AP-1 DNA-binding activity only at the highest dose used (57 and 71 %, respectively). While in the caudate-putamen the increase in AP-1 DNA binding was mainly due to an elevation of the c-Fos and FosB proteins, the same phenomenon depended on the FosB, Fra-1 and Fra-2 peptides in the cingulate cortex. The effect of Δ9-THC on the AP-1 DNA binding and the Fos-related antigens in the nucleus accumbens was blocked by the specific cannabinoid antagonist SR141716 A (3 mg/kg i.p.). Δ9-THC failed to modify Specificity protein 1 (Sp1) DNA-binding activity. The results indicate that Δ9-THC activates gene coding for AP-1 DNA-binding proteins by acting on cannabinoid receptors, and induces a different transcriptional program on the early-immediate gene of the Fos family, in different areas in the rat brain, suggesting that this mechanism might be involved in the central actions of cannabinoids. © European Neuroscience Association
Carcassi C., Porcella R., Manca M.L., La Nasa G., Leone A.L., Boero R., Cerimele D., Contu L.: Analisi del DNA della regione HLA nel Sarcoma di Kaposi classico Rivista di Oncologia, 1-2: 1-5, 1987
No full textCurrent Challenges in Neonatal Resuscitation: What is the Role of Adrenaline?
No full textAdrenaline, also known as epinephrine, is a hormone, neurotransmitter, and medication. It is the best established drug in neonatal resuscitation, but only weak evidence supports current recommendations for its use. Furthermore, the available evidence is partly based on extrapolations from adult studies, and this introduces further uncertainty, especially when considering the unique physiological characteristics of newly born infants. The timing, dose, and route of administration of adrenaline are still debated, even though this medication has been used in neonatal resuscitation for a long time. According to the most recent Neonatal Resuscitation Guidelines from the American Heart Association, adrenaline use is indicated when the heart rate remains < 60 beats per minute despite the establishment of adequate ventilation with 100% oxygen and chest compressions. The aforementioned guidelines recommend intravenous administration (via an umbilical venous catheter) of adrenaline at a dose of 0.01-0.03 mg/kg (1:10,000 concentration). Endotracheal administration of a higher dose (0.05-0.1 mg/kg) may be considered while venous access is being obtained, even if supportive data for endotracheal adrenaline are lacking. The safety and efficacy of intraosseous administration of adrenaline remain to be investigated. This article reviews the evidence on the circulatory effects and tolerability of adrenaline in the newborn, discusses literature data on adrenaline use in neonatal cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and describes international recommendations and outcome data regarding the use of this medication during neonatal resuscitation
The human eye expresses high levels of CB1 cannabinoid receptor mRNA and protein
No full textWe used reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction to detect the expression of the central and peripheral cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2, respectively) mRNA, and Western blotting to show the presence of the CB1 protein in subregions of the human eye. CB2 mRNA transcripts were undetectable, while levels of CB1 mRNA were significantly expressed in the human retina (25.8 ± 2.46%), ciliary body (210 ± 11.55%) and iris (62.7 ± 5.94%) when compared with those of the normalizing reference gene β2 microglobulin. The CB1 gene encodes a functional protein which is detected in its glycosylated (63 kDa) and unglycosylated (54 kDa) form in the same areas by a specific purified antibody raised against the amino terminus (residues 1-77) of the CB1 receptor. These results further support the proposed role of the CB1 receptor in controlling intraocular pressure, helping to explain the antiglaucoma properties of marijuana
Cannabinoid receptor CB1 mRNA is highly expressed in the rat ciliary body: Implications for the antiglaucoma properties of marihuana
No full textWe used RT-PCR to measure relative differences in cannabinoid receptor (CB) mRNAs in the rat eye, comparing CB1 or CB2 transcripts to that of the normalizing reference gene β2 microglobulin (β2m). Significantly higher levels of CB1 mRNA levels were found in the ciliary body (0.84 ± 0.05% of β2m) than in the iris, (0.34 ± 0.04% of β2m), retina (0.07 ± 0.005% of β2m) and choroid (0.06 ± 0.005% of β2m). CB2 mRNA was undetectable. This expression pattern supports a specific role for the CB1 receptor in controlling intraocular pressure, helping to explain the antiglaucoma property of cannabinoids
Changes in Corticotropin Releasing Factor Neurotransmission induced by sleep deprivation in rat brain
No full textRT-PCR: a highly sensitive mRNA detection method usefully applicable toneuropharmacology
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