323,102 research outputs found
Ivan Vyshensky’s Polemical Tractate "Porada" as a Synthetic Text
No full textУ статті зосереджено увагу на структуральному та семіотичному прочитаннях третьої глави
"Книжки". Виокремлено головні коди, символи, художні образи-антитези та особливості побудови
"Поради како да ся очистит церковь…".Polemical prose is a crucial and interesting part of Ukrainian literature of the 16th–17th centuries. It represents
not only social realities of that time (the Union of Brest), but also the philosophical and ethical views
of Ukrainian polemicists. These texts have significant multilayer symbolism, images, and Biblical intertext.
The article highlights the short history of the study of the heritage of Ukrainian polemicist Ivan Vyshensky
in general and the "Porada" in particular from the end of the 19th century (I. Franko, M. Hrushevskyi) to the
end of the 20th century (P. Yaremenko, S. Pinchuk). Works of the polemicist are studied in historical, cultural,
and philosophical terms.
The author’s attention is concentrated on structural and semiotic readings of the third chapter of the
polemicist’s magnum opus ("Knyzhka"). A structure is presented as an artificial scheme to organize all textual
material into one discourse (according to Umberto Ecco). It is shown that some specifics of the composition’s
structure influence the entire meaning of the "Porada". Its construction, formed by such key elements
as "frames" and a semantically meaningful center, is correlated with ancient religious beliefs (Mircea Eliade)
as well as the Christian antithesis of "spirit and body".
Singled out are main codes, symbols, and images of the antithesis of the tractate. The code is a semiotic
system and the text is a code-generator. The main codes of the "Porada" are its language code (liturgy), the
code of mainting Christian customs (in the church as well as at home) and the code of faith. Loci (church,
house) and monk’s clothes (hat, hair, belt, shoes) are symbols that represent the objectivity of image and
depths of meaning (S. Averintsev). Images of antitheses reveal leading dichotomies: sacral – profane, monastic – secular, spiritual – sinful
Diffusive author(s), cohesive author: Analysis of S/N (1994)
No full textThis study indicates the ways in which various aspects of the author(s) are brought forth in Dumb type’s performance art, the S/N production. Previous research has suggested a non-hierarchical organization of Dumb type and the absence of a “privileged author” in Dumb type’s collaborative work, S/N. However, the results that I have investigated from member’s interviews on the creative process of S/N along with my analysis of the recorded images of S/N, indicate a different aspect of the author(s). First, S/N was created through, so to speak, the collective ideas of the members of Dumb type. Further, S/N has at least nine quotations from previous performances, installations, and printed writings, besides the work-in-progress technique. Explicating one of the “author functions” as given by Michel Foucault, each text has plural subjects of the author. However, it has been revealed from members’ interviews that Teiji Furuhashi had a decision-making role in selecting the members’ ideas within the performance. Since then, S/N has had plural subjects of creation; however, Furuhashi is one of the subjects of creation along with the “privileged author.” S/N has plural authors (diffusive authors) yet at the same time, it has a “privileged author,” Teiji Furuhashi (cohesive author)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
The effect of additives on high temperature water retention and thermal stability of PFSA polymer composites
No full textFormation of Kinneyia via shear-induced instabilities in microbial mats
No full textKinneyia are a class of microbially mediated sedimentary fossils. Characterized by clearly defined ripple structures, Kinneyia are generally found in areas that were formally littoral habitats and covered by microbial mats. To date, there has been no conclusive explanation of the processes involved in the formation of these fossils. Microbial mats behave like viscoelastic fluids. We propose that the key mechanism involved in the formation of Kinneyia is a Kelvin–Helmholtz-type instability induced in a viscoelastic film under flowing water. A ripple corrugation is spontaneously induced in the film and grows in amplitude over time. Theoretical predictions show that the ripple instability has a wavelength proportional to the thickness of the film. Experiments carried out using viscoelastic films confirm this prediction. The ripple pattern that forms has a wavelength roughly three times the thickness of the film. This behaviour is independent of the viscosity of the film and the flow conditions. Laboratory-analogue Kinneyia were formed via the sedimentation of glass beads, which preferentially deposit in the troughs of the ripples. Well-ordered patterns form, with both honeycomb-like and parallel ridges being observed, depending on the flow speed. These patterns correspond well with those found in Kinneyia, with similar morphologies, wavelengths and amplitudes being observed
Geodynamic Model for the Geosynclinal Development of the Damara Orogen, Namibia, South West Africa1
No full textThe Damara Orogen forms part of the Upper Proterozoic-Early Palaeozoic Pan-African belt system, parts of which have passed through a geosynclinal stage. The Damara Orogen comprising a N-S trending (“coastal”) and SW-NE trending (“intracratonic”) branch belongs to this category.
Under geodynamic and sedimentary aspects, the depositional development of the Damara Orogen may be subdivided into four successive stages, namely the graben, the downwarping, the synorogenic, and the lateorogenic stage.
The development of the Damara geosyncline is controlled largely by the specific evolutions of the non-contemporaneous active and inactive rift systems. Rifting started about 900 to 1000 Ma ago, when the “northern graben” was formed. This rift system remained active, as indicated by volcanic activity, until about 840 to 750 Ma ago. Due to a subsequent cooling and thermal contraction of the assumed asthenolith situated below the rift, the graben subsided differentially. This led to the development of a trough in which a thick turbidite sequence was deposited (Okonguarri turbidites).
When the rate of subsidence decreased the trough was filled up by sediments and eventually overstepped by carbonates which gradually formed an extensive platform throughout the central and northern Damara Orogen (“Karibib Platform”).
Rifting in the southern Damara Orogen started somewhat later than farther north. A hypothetic rift (“Khomas rift”) was formed in the crest of a major rift dome, while two subsidiary half-grabens developed at the northern and southern flanks of the dome (“central” and “southern” rifts”). The Khomas rift remained active throughout the entire geosynclinal development. Continued rifting and extension in the southern Damara Orogen was accompanied by mafic igneous activity and considerable crustal thinning and may have led to continental separation and formation of an ocean. Crustal thinning in the southern Damara Orogen initiated the development of a major basin (“Khomas Trough”). Sediments were supplied by turbidity currents, irom both the northern and the southern margins (Tinkas and Chausib turbidites) and later mainly from the east where the basin probably shallowed and perhaps closed (Kuiseb schists).
The Khomas Trough may have been connected with the Gariep Belt in southern Namibia/SWA where ocean opening appears to have occurred. It is assumed that this ocean gradually narrowed towards the Khomas Trough finally to end in a continental rift at the eastern closure of the Khomas Trough. The Khomas rift may thus be interpreted as a mid-ocean rift propagating into and ending in a continent.
After crustal separation in the Khomas Trough or due to a thermal relaxation of the stretched lithosphere, the entire Damara Orogen was affected by a final phase of regional subsidence. At this stage the Karibib Platform of the central and northern Damara Orogen subsided and the Kuiseb schists attained their maximum distribution in an extensive depository.
The development of the coastal branch corresponds largely to that of the intracratonic branch, with the “Sesfontein graben” corresponding to the northern graben and a hypothetic rift west of the present Atlantic coast corresponding to the Khomas rift
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Author's address:
No full textCan archives of audiovisual TV interviews be used to make authors more visible to students, and thereby reduce the learning gap between native and non-native language speakers in college classes? We examined students in a college course who learned about one scholar's ideas through watching an audiovisual TV interview (i.e., visible author format) and about another scholar's ideas through reading a formal text description (i.e., invisible author format). For the invisible author, native language speakers scored significantly higher than the non-native language speakers on a corresponding exam question (i.e., a cognitive measure), generated more words on the exam question (i.e., a motivational measure), and mentioned the author's name more often in answering the exam question (i.e., an affective measure). For the visible author, the groups did not differ on any of these measures. These findings provide evidence for the idea that making the author visible through audiovisual TV interviews can eliminate the learning gap between native and non-native language speakers. 3 Universities around the world serve students who are non-native speakers of th
The vanishing author in computer-generated works: a critical analysis of recent Australian case law
No full textAbstract
The use of software is ubiquitous in the creation of many copyright works, yet the requirement in copyright law that every work have a human author who engages in independent intellectual effort means that its use may prevent copyright subsistence. Several recent Australian cases have refocused attention on authorship as an essential criterion of copyright subsistence, and these cases suggest that much computer-produced output may be authorless and thus lack copyright protection. This article, the first in a two-part series, analyses how each case deals with the question of authorship of computer-produced works and why the use of software diminishes copyright protection for a significant number of computer-generated works. The article critiques the application of conventional notions of human authorship developed in the pre-computer age to modern productions and suggests alternative approaches to authorship that satisfy both the major objectives of copyright policy and the need to adapt to the computer age. The article argues that, without a broader judicial approach to authorship of computer-generated works, Parliament must remedy the lacuna in protection for these ‘authorless’ works. Possible solutions for reform are suggested. In a forthcoming article, the author comprehensively examines those reform proposals
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