1,720,955 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
Production and release of sn-glycerol 3-phosphate (L-G3P) with engineered strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
No full textL-G3P ist ein intrazelluläres phosphoryliertes Stoffwechselzwischenprodukt und zählte als solches bisher nicht zur Produktpalette von Hefe-Fermentationen. Um L-G3P als Baustein für die enzymatische Synthese von Monosacchariden und für andere Anwendungen zu gewinnen, wurden Bedingungen gesucht, unter denen ein S. cerevisiae-Produktionsstamm mit ausgeschalteter Glycerol-3-Phosphatase (gpp1/2) und Überexpression der cytosolischen Glycerol-3-Phosphat-Dehydrogenase (GPD1) gleichzeitig gute L-G3P-Produktion und akzeptable Biomasseproduktion zeigt. In einer Zwei-Phasen-Fed-Batch-Fermentation von Glucose, bei der auf eine aerobe Phase mit respirofermentativem Stoffwechsel und Biomasseproduktion von rund 14 g/l eine strikt anaerobe Phase mit fermentativem Stoffwechsel und nahezu ohne Wachstum folgte, wurde ein maximaler Produkttiter von 325 mg/l erreicht, was dem 25-fachen der Ausgangssituation entspricht. Der Vergleich zweier Fermentationen mit unterschiedlichem Belüftungsprofil (Zwei-Phasen-Fermentation aerob/anaerob und microaerobe Fermentation) erbrachte außerdem als relevante phänotypische Eigenschaften des Produktionsstammes eine teilweise wachstumsgekoppelte L-G3P-Produktion und die sauerstoffabhängige Ausprägung von Maxima des intrazellulären L-G3P-Spiegels. Die Abnahme von intrazellulärem L-G3P nach dem Erreichen der Maxima beruhte auf mindestens zwei unerwarteten Phänomenen: der Produktion erheblicher Mengen des Nebenproduktes Glycerol und der Freisetzung von L-G3P aus lebenden Zellen in den Kulturüberstand. Zum Phänotyp des Produktionsstammes gehörte außerdem eine ausgeprägte Ethanolsensitivität, die das Wachstum bei relativ niedrigen Zelldichten begrenzte. Da die Degradation von L-G3P anscheinend intrazellulär erfolgte, ist eine schnellere spezifische Freisetzung von L-G3P aus den Zellen wünschenswert. Daher wurde der sekundäraktive L-G3P-Transporter GlpT aus Escherichia coli im S. cerevisiae-Produktionsstamm überexprimiert und konnte in der membrangebundenen Fraktion der Proteine nachgewiesen werden. Der bakterielle Transporter trat in den sekretorischen Weg der Hefezellen ein, indem er wahrscheinlich cotranslational in die ER-Membran integrierte, er wurde nicht glykosyliert. Überexpression von GlpT führte dennoch nicht zur verstärkten Ausscheidung von L-G3P aus dem Produktionsstamm. Grund dafür war die Misslokalisierung des Transporters, der zum größten Teil im ER festgehalten wurde und die Plasmamembran nicht erreichte. Dies wurde mit Immunfluoreszenz-Mikroskopie gezeigt. Die Fusion von N-terminalen Sequenzen des Hefe-Plasmamembranproteins Ste2p an GlpT verbesserte die Lokalisierung nicht. Da zelluläre Qualitätskontrollsysteme des ER, des Golgi-Apparats und der Plasmamembran bei der Degradation in der Vakuole konvergieren, gibt die Abhängigkeit der Expressionsstärke von GlpT von der vakuolären Proteinase A (Pep4p) keine Auskunft darüber, welche dieser Systeme GlpT angreifen.L-G3P is a phosphorylated intracellular metabolite. It can be used as a building block in the enzymatic synthesis of diverse monosaccharides and their derivatives. Production of this class of metabolites with yeast fermentations is still a challenging task. The intracellular accumulation of the product leads to poor cell growth and a low product-to-biomass ratio. A Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain which accumulates L-G3P because it was engineered in G3P formation (overexpression of GPD1) and degradation (deletion of gpp1/2) was used. In order to produce acceptable amounts of biomass with this strain, suitable fermentation conditions were tested. A two-phase fermentation was set up with the following parameters: production of 14 g/l biomass as yeast dry weight during the aerobic phase with respirofermentative metabolism, and production of 325 mg/l L-G3P during the fastidious anaerobic phase with fermentative metabolism. Cell growth was restricted to the aerobic phase. The achieved product titre was 25 times that of earlier reports. Comparison of the two-phase fermentation with a microaerobic fermentation led to enhanced knowledge on the engineered strain’s performance. L-G3P production within this strain was coupled to growth under some conditions, and the intracellular L-G3P itself was not stable, but decreased after reaching a maximum, when oxygen was available. Decrease of the intracellular L-G3P level was due to two unexpected phenomena: the production of glycerol in spite of the deletion of the specific glycerol 3-phosphatase and the release of L-G3P into the culture supernatant in spite of the metabolite’s phosphorylation. The strain also showed unusual sensitivity to ethanol, which limits growth. As the degradation of L-G3P to glycerol obviously occurred intracellularly, a more effective release of the desired product into the supernatant would relieve the problem. Therefore, the specific secondary active L-G3P transporter GlpT from Escherichia coli was overexpressed in the L-G3P accumulating yeast strain. The transporter was found within the membrane fraction of yeast protein. It entered the yeast secretory pathway through integration into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane and was not glycosylated. Overexpression of the transporter, however, did not improve the release of L-G3P from the yeast cells because the transporter was trapped in endomembranes and did not reach the plasma membrane. This was shown with immunofluorescence microscopy. The fusion of N-terminal sequences of the yeast alpha factor receptor (Ste2p) to the bacterial membrane protein did not improve its localisation in yeast. The expression level of GlpT was shown to be proteinase A (Pep4p)-dependent. This does not allow any conclusion regarding a degradation pathway to be drawn, as both ER and post-ER quality control pathways converge in the vacuole
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