1,185 research outputs found
How do readers interact with hypertext fiction?: an empirical study of readers' reactions to interactive narratives.
No full text[Review of] Tolkien Studies: An Annual Scholarly Review, Volume XIII; North Wind: A Journal of George MacDonald Studies, No. 35; VII: Journal of the Marion E. Wade Center, Volume 33
No full textAccumulation of knowledge: the education of African Americans in southern New Jersey from 1920-1945
No full textResearch Question: What individuals, institutions and organizations were instrumental in the development of the educational philosophy for African Americans in Southern New Jersey from 1920-1945? Methodology: This dissertation employed oral history in the qualitative tradition using video recording equipment. Data were gathered from twelve participants representing nine family groups and four southern New Jersey Counties. The data were coded and analyzed to determine common and distinct themes which influenced the participants’ individual and collective educational experiences. Findings: South Jersey, bordering Delaware, Maryland and Virginia inherited racial attitudes from their southern neighbors. These southern ideologies were reflected in the types of schools available to black children during that era. The findings were as follows. 1. The participants all attended public schools in South Jersey. The grammar schools were segregated; and those who attended high school attended integrated schools or The Manual Training and Industrial School for Colored Youth at Bordentown. 2. The participants’ parents who had greater socio-economic status than their peers and/or had cultural and social capital were able to orchestrate their children’s education. These parents chose an educational path for their children that included college attendance or attending the manual training school in Bordentown. Parents with capital were able to lay a foundation for success in an era that segregated and discriminated against blacks. 3. The participants, through their lenses as students, were very vocal and exacting about describing their studies, teachers, and events that occurred in the segregated schools, but were very reluctant to describe their high school experiences. Significance: Black parents who held greater socio-economic status than their peers, and possessed cultural and social capital had great influence over their children’s education. They chose schools that provided their children with a trade or profession.Ed.D.Includes bibliographical referencesby Janet E. Alle
Managing open access (OA) workflows at the University of St Andrews: challenges and Pathfinder solutions
Get PDF© 2014. Janet Aucock. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use and distribution provided the original author and source are credited.This article arose out of a presentation given to the UKSG seminar on ‘Managing Open Access: pain points and workflows’. It presents a case study on the workflows in place at the University of St Andrews and how these are developing to meet funder compliance policies and the challenge of the new HEFCE Research Excellence Framework (REF) open access (OA) policy. The case study describes the research environment at St Andrews and in particular the challenges faced and how these may be answered. Since the seminar in May 2014, the Open Access Research Publications Support Team has engaged in a ‘Lean’ exercise to evaluate and streamline workflows within the institution. St Andrews is also now a partner in the LOCH project, one of the Jisc Pathfinder projects. The paper gives an update on recent activities and looks at strategies and practical ideas for improving workflows and removing pain points.Publisher PD
The classical and the grotesque in the work of Alexander Pope and Jonathan Swift
Get PDFThis thesis takes Mikhail Bakhtin's definitions of the classical and the grotesque, uses various
other theorists to problematise and extend these concepts through an engagement with gender
categories, and applies them to the work of Alexander Pope and Jonathan Swift. Although the first
part deals with the 'theory' of the classical and the grotesque, the following sections on Pope and Swift
seek to recognise the historical specificity and complexity of these modes as they intersect with the
cultural, material, and psychological circumstances of the writer. The methodology is not solely
biographical', 'political', 'cultural', 'feminist' or 'textual', but combines those approaches most relevant
to the particular text in question, sometimes engaging more directly with the political environment,
for example, at other times placing greater stress on mythological and generic allusions. The thesis
shows that the classical and the grotesque emerge from a long social and literary tradition, yet the
ways in which they manifest themselves in the time of Pope and Swift are very specific and
constructed at least partially in response to contemporary cultural contexts such as the publishing
trade, the present monarchy, the situation of Ireland and so on. Extending the work of Susan Gubar,
particular attention is paid to the figure of the female grotesque, a common and yet varied image that
is made to stand for a variety of cultural and moral ills in the writing of Pope and Swift. In contrast
the figure of the 'classical' woman or 'softer man' is found to be symbolic of order as the unruly
'natural' substance of woman is transformed into masculine 'Culture' through social and textual
containment. Classical and grotesque constructions of the masculine are also examined, especially in
relation to the author's perceptions of his own masculinity. The thesis concludes with a brief analysis
of the classical masculine friendship between Pope and Swift
The light of the eye : doctrine, piety and reform in the works of Thomas Sherlock, Hannah More and Jane Austen
No full textBibliography: leaves 376-401.This thesis investigates the ways in which three eighteenth-century writers, Bishop Thomas Sherlock, Hannah More and Jane Austen embody orthodox Anglican doctrine according to their individual perceptions of the enlightening properties of Protestant Christianity. After situating them in their respective gender, literary and ecclesiastical contexts, I examine some of their key doctrines and analyse excerpts from their works. My selection of passages from Sherlock's works is fairly comprehensive, but in the case of More and Austen, where there is already a formidable body of literary criticism, it is more selective. Thus, I focus on doctrine in More's tracts, Strictures on the System of Female Education, An Essay on St Paul and most especially Coelebs in Search of a Wife and in the case of Austen, on her prayers and select passages from Sense and Sensibility and Mansfield Park. I conclude that, although diverse in their particular kind of Anglicanism (High, Evangelical and Median) and in their choice of genre, transparency or obscurity (anonymity and pseudonymity) and the various narratological strategies some of them invoke to circumvent certain taboos, Sherlock, More and Austen champion the same central orthodox doctrines, defend them against current alternatives to orthodoxy such as Latitudinarianism, Deism and various forms of Freethinking, and promote similar moral and ecclesiastical reforms. However, indirectly (through female characters who resist male representation or control) the women writers subject their ostensibly authorially-endorsed male narrators/characters to scrutiny and sometimes (when the males objectify the women) subversion
Treatment Algorithms for Systemic Sclerosis According to Experts
No full textObjective: There is a lack of agreement regarding treatment for many aspects of systemic sclerosis (SSc). We undertook this study to generate SSc treatment algorithms endorsed by a high percentage of SSc experts. Methods: Experts from the Scleroderma Clinical Trials Consortium and the Canadian Scleroderma Research group (n = 170) were asked whether they agreed with SSc algorithms from 2012. Two consensus rounds refined agreement; 62, 54, and 48 experts (36%, 32%, and 28%, respectively) completed the first, second, and third surveys, respectively. Results: For treatment of scleroderma renal crisis, 81% of experts agreed (first-, second-, and third-line treatments were angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, then adding calcium-channel blockers [CCBs], then adding angiotensin receptor blockers [ARBs], respectively). For pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), 81% of experts agreed (for mild PAH, treatments were phosphodiesterase 5 [PDE5] inhibitors, then endothelin receptor antagonists plus PDE5 inhibitors, then prostanoids, respectively; for severe PAH, prostanoids were first-line treatment). For mild Raynaud's phenomenon (RP), 79% of experts agreed (treatments were CCBs, then adding PDE5 inhibitors, then ARBs or switching to another CCB, respectively; after the third line of treatment, mild RP was deemed severe). For severe RP, the first- through fourth-line treatments were CCBs, then adding PDE5 inhibitors or prostanoids, then adding PDE5 inhibitors (if not added as second-line treatment) or prostanoids (if not added as second-line treatment), then switching to another CCB, respectively. For active treatment of digital ulcers, 66% of experts agreed (first- and second-line treatments were CCBs and PDE5 inhibitors, respectively). For interstitial lung disease, 69% of experts agreed (for induction therapy, treatments were mycophenolate mofetil [MMF], intravenous cyclophosphamide [IV CYC], and rituximab, respectively; for maintenance, first-line treatment was MMF). For skin involvement, 71% of experts agreed (for a modified Rodnan skin thickness score [MRSS] of 24, first- and second-line treatments were methotrexate [MTX] and MMF, respectively; for an MRSS of 32, first- through fourth-line treatments were MMF, MTX, IV CYC, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, respectively). For inflammatory arthritis, 79% of experts agreed (first- through fourth-line treatments were MTX, low-dose glucocorticoids, hydroxychloroquine, and rituximab or tocilizumab, respectively). Algorithms for cardiac and gastrointestinal involvement had ≥75% agreement. Conclusion: Total agreement for SSc algorithms was considerable. These algorithms may guide treatment
What was the Investiture Controversy a controversy about?
Get PDFThe Investiture Controversy between Pope Gregory VII and Emperor Henry IV of Germany presents us with a wide variety of issues that are not immediately discernable at first sight. It is not simply about the gift of investitures by lay persons with which it is concerned, nor the issues of simony and clerical marriage which provided the sole troubles for eleventh and twelfth century relations between the papacy and secular leaders. The Investiture Controversy was representative of the division, conflict and blurring of borders between the two realms of sacerdotium and regnum; 'Church' and 'State’. This thesis will aim to provide a contextualisation and chronology of events that; firstly, will describe the early Church and the relations which were formed with state institutions and imperial leaders. Secondly, it will look at events that led to the degradation of the papacy and wider Church and therefore brought about the reform movement. Thirdly, it will analyse how these factors brought regnum and sacerdotium into direct and somewhat inevitable conflict and competition with one another. This thesis will aim to demonstrate that the Investiture Controversy was primarily a clash originating from fifth century ideas which were put into practice and developed by an eleventh century papacy. The doctrine that was developed contained a theocratic notion of government and one that consequently, clearly exalted the spiritual order above the secular powers. When the papacy from Gregory VII onward is often discussed, terms such as 'papal monarchy' are repeatedly applied; implicit in this is the notion that particular pontiffs were attempting to extend the realm of sacerdotal power to that also of the temporal sphere. If this assertion is made -with any degree of surprise then a misunderstanding of the Christian tradition has been made
The 'true use of reading' : Sarah Fielding and mid eighteenth-century literary strategies.
No full textPhDThe aim of this thesis is to explore, by examining her life and
works, how Sarah Fielding (1710-68) established her identity as an author.
The definition of her role involves her notions of the functions of
writing and reading.
Sarah Fielding attempts to invite readers to form a sense of ties
by tacit understanding of her messages. As she believes that a work
of literature is produced through collaboration between the writer and
the reader, it is an important task in her view to show her attentiveness
toward reading practice. In her consideration of reading, she has two
distinct, even opposite views of her audience: on the one hand a familiar
and limited circle of readers with shared moral and cultural values and
on the other potential readers among the unknown mass of people. The
dual targets direct her to devise various strategies. She tries to
appeal to those who can endorse and appreciate her moral values as well
as her learning. Her writings and letters testify that she is sensitive
to the demands of the literary market, trying to lead the taste of readers
by inventing new forms.
The thesis opens with an overview of Sarah Fielding's career,
followed by a consideration of her critical attention to the roles of
reading. I go on to examine the narrative structures and strategies
she deploys, with a particular emphasis on her use of the epistolary
method. The following chapter deals with her attention to the reading
of the moral message tangibly embodied in her educational writing. It
is followed by an analysis of the activity which earned her a reputation
as a learned woman. Various as the forms of her works are, they invariably
reflect her attempt to balance herself between the two demands of
inventiveness and familiarity
- …
