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Tegutsemine on esmatähtis: Euroopa Liit ja rahuehitajaks saamise protsess
Full text linkAsjaolu, et Euroopa Liidu ühise julgeoleku- ja kaitsepoliitika (ÜJKP) raames korraldatud rahumissioone on valdavalt uuritud ühe rakursi alt, lähtudes aritmeetilise tehte loogikast, on tinginud võrdlemisi kitsa fookuse, eeskätt tõhusust ja võimeid silmas pidades, vaadelduna ÜJKP seisukohalt. Seetõttu on ka rahumissioonide sisu ja eesmärgid omandanud käibetõe staatuse ning debatt nende üle on jäänud minimaalseks. Selles doktoriväitekirjas seatakse uurimise keskmesse rahumissioonide sisu ja eesmärkide problemaatika. Ma ei väida, et ELi rahuoperatsioone saab panna võrduma kindla valemiga, vaid pigem uurin ELi kui rahuehitaja identiteeti, st kuidas EL aktiivselt räägib ja teeb ehk aktiivselt loob tähendusi oma rahuoperatsioonidest. Käsitledes ELi rahuoperatsioone kui diskursiivseid tähendusekandjaid, vaadeldakse rääkimise ja tegemise dünaamikat, mis võimaldab ELi ÜJKPd vaadelda kui protsessi, mis on liikumises. Selline lähenemine lubab mul jälgida, kuidas EL mõtestab oma rolli rahuehitajana ja mis on need „lahendused”, mida ta konfliktidele vastuseks pakub.
Toetudes kriitilistele teooriatele (versus traditsioonilisemad käsitlused), avaneb mulle mitmeid tehnikaid, et võtta luubi alla rahuoperatsioonide produktid (nt julgeolek, õigusriik). Ma vaatlen identiteeti dialoogi mõiste kaudu, mis tähendab, et ELi ÜJKP identiteet kujuneb dialoogis mitmete teiste toimijatega/arusaamadega. See omakorda joonib alla identiteedi sügavalt relatsioonilise ja kontekstuaalse mõõtme. Poststrukturalistlik lähenemine lubab uurida võimusuhteid, mis avalduvad ELi koostööpartneri(te) valikul ÜJKP elluviimisel ja seetõttu ka ELi rahuehitaja identiteedi dialoogilises kujunemises. Lisaks juba tutvustatud mõistetele toetub minu väitekiri õiglase rahu mõistele, mis annab kindla tähenduste raami ELi arusaamast rahu mõtestamisel.
ÜJKP identiteedi analüüs keskendub kolmele ELi seisukohalt märgilisele rahuoperatsioonile, millest kaks kätkevad endas teatavat lähenemist julgeolekule (Kongo Demokraatlikus Vabariigis ja Bosnia ja Hertsegoviinas) ning üks lähtub konkreetsest õigusriigi käsitusest (Kosovos). Oma analüüsis võtan kasutusele mitmesuguseid poststruktrualistliku diskursuse analüüsi võtteid, mis võimaldavad ELi rahu ehitamisel uurida pakutavate lahenduste (nt julgeolek ja õigusriik) tähendusi.
Analüüs näitab, et peamine väärtus, millele ELi ÜJKP diskursus keskendub, on tegutsemise olulisus. Nimelt peab EL tegutsemist kui sellist rahumissiooni edu pandiks, pööramata tähelepanu missiooni sisule või selle tulemitele.The fact that the EU’s peace missions in the frames of its Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) have generally been analysed from a single position, following the logic of mathematical equations, has lead to a rather narrow focus on questions of effectiveness and capabilities of the CSDP in its own terms. This way CSDP missions’ substance and purpose have been taken for granted and consequently debate about these categories has remained cursory. This thesis problematises the substance and purpose of CSDP missions. I do not offer a concrete equation for these missions, but rather investigate the EU’s identity as a peacebuilder. Meaning, how the EU actively tells and acts its peace missions. Treating the EU’s peace missions as discursive bearers of meaning by investigating the dynamics of telling and acting allows me to capture the development of the EU’s CSDP in motion and shed light on the way the EU conceptualises its role as a peacebuilder and the “goods” that it offers in response to conflicts.
Adopting the critical lens (as opposed to a problem-solving one) equips this thesis with the techniques to approach the substance matter of the EU’s peace missions (e.g., security and the rule of law). To approach identity I turn to the concept of dialogue, which means that the EU’s CSDP identity is seen as a dynamic product of dialogue with its “others” and it further highlights the deeply relational and spatio-temporally sensitive character of identity. The poststructuralist lens adopted in this thesis also permits analysing the power relations inherent in the EU’s choice of “others” whom it recognises as its legitimate policy counterparts, and who are thus involved in the dialogical formation of its peacebuilder identity. Finally, a critical review of the concept of just peace introduces a particular lens for scrutinising the EU’s understanding of peace.
The analysis of the CSDP identity focuses on three core missions: two of which rely on a particular understanding of security (Democratic Republic of the Congo, Bosnia and Herzegovina) and one of which centers on a specific understanding of the rule of law (Kosovo). The EU has explicitly framed these missions as exemplifying its CSDP identity. The main method utilised – a combination of various strands of poststructuralist discourse analysis – allows for studying the meanings of the particular “goods,” such as security and the rule of law, which the EU puts forth with the aim of safeguarding peace.
In general, the analysis demonstrates that the EU’s discourse surrounding the CSDP stresses the significance of acting in response to conflict, and considers acting per se as constituting success of a peace mission, without much thought given to its substance, or the outcome of the EU’s engagement
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Inimõiguste uurimise metodoloogia
No full text9.1. Inimõiguste kriitiline uurimine
9.2. Inimõiguste uurimise eetika ja teadlase-uurija vastutus
9.3. Meetodite kriitiline kasutamin
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
What Relations Matter?
No full textWhat relations matter? This question sits at the heart of this article and addresses in a more thoroughgoing way the methodological and ethico-political problems that some relational thinkers have debated. We are interested in deep relationalism and the methodological problem of delineating which relations matter in a reality defined by an ever-unfolding web of relations. By acknowledging the relationality of critical international relations (IR) theories, this methodological puzzle is explored by recognizing the situatedness of relations that are being analyzed. Moreover, this helps us to start a conversation on the ethical and political dimensions of deeply relational approaches. By placing the ontological work of deep relationalism in dialogue with the epistemological and ethico-political aspects of critical theory, we are putting forth an account of critical relationalism. Furthermore, we are not only arguing for a critical approach to relationalism but also adding to one of the main methodological debates in relationalism that asks us to carefully consider which relations matter (for our analysis) and how we should access them? Finally, this piece advocates for more plural grounds for relationalism in IR to critically reflect on which relations our theoretical approaches can take us to and why this matters.Peer reviewe
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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