111,924 research outputs found
Continuum Models of Drug Transport to Multiple Cell−Type Population
No full textThe principal aim underlying the development of drugs and their administration is to
elicit some subcellular level biochemical reaction (often occurring within the cells).
Mathematical and pharmacokinetic models have been developed in order to aid researchers by determining the conditions that will control successful delivery of the
drug to its target (or the conditions that will limit unintended reactions). Often the
models evaluate the transport of the drug at the tissue scale; for example, in order to
determine the maximum penetration depth (at some prescribed drug concentration)
from the location of administration into poorly vascularized tissu
Modeling of Mass Transport Processes in Biological Media
No full textModeling of Mass Transport Processes in Biological Media focuses on applications of mass transfer relevant to biomedical processes and technology—fields that require quantitative mechanistic descriptions of the delivery of molecules and drugs. This book features recent advances and developments in biomedical therapies with a focus on the associated theoretical and mathematical techniques necessary to predict mass transfer in biological systems. The book is authored by over 50 established researchers who are internationally recognized as leaders in their fields. Each chapter contains a comprehensive introductory section for those new to the field, followed by recent modeling developments motivated by empirical experimental observation. Offering a unique opportunity for the reader to access recent developments from technical, theoretical, and engineering perspectives, this book is ideal for graduate and postdoctoral researchers in academia as well as experienced researchers in biomedical industries
CD40 ligand increases complement C3 secretion by proximal tubular epithelial cells
No full textInterstitial leukocyte infiltration is a major finding in tubulointerstitial damage (TID). Infiltrating lymphocytes interact with proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTEC) by means of secreted soluble factors and/or cell contact mechanisms. CD40 expressed onto PTEC can be engaged by CD40L present on T cells. PTEC are able to locally secrete complement C3, which may most likely promote TID. The aim of the study was to investigate the putative action of CD40 ligation on enhancement of C3 secretion by PTEC. Primary human PTEC and stabilized HK-2 cells were used in culture experiments. Cells were stimulated by soluble factors IL-1β, IFN-γ, and/or CD40L-expressing murine fibroblast L cells. Analysis of C3 gene expression was evaluated by reverse-transcription PCR and Northern blot. Secreted C3 was assayed by ELISA and a functional hemolytic test on supernatants. Intracellular events were explored by the NF-κB-specific inhibitor caffeic acid phenetyl ester (CAPE). Among soluble factors, IL-1β and IFN-γ increased C3 gene expression and secretion (two-fold to three-fold versus basal) on both HK-2 and PTEC. CD40 engagement by CD40L upregulated HK-2 C3 secretion by four-fold. IL-1β did not further increase CD40-induced C3 secretion, whereas IFN-γ associated with CD40L was the strongest stimulus (30-fold increase). Inhibition of NF-κB offset CD40L-induced C3 secretion by 70%. CD40 ligation is able to enhance C3 secretion by PTEC. This cell contact mechanism is in synergism with a T cell-derived soluble factor (IFN-γ). C3 secretion induced by CD40L may represent a mechanism of amplification of TID associated with lymphocyte infiltration. Copyright © 2005 by the American Society of Nephrology
Exploring drivers and factors of benefit impact reports quality: Retracing a stakeholder theory approach
No full text
author-bios-SRD-19-0063.R1 – Supplemental material for The Network Structure of Police Misconduct
No full textSupplemental material, author-bios-SRD-19-0063.R1 for The Network Structure of Police Misconduct by George Wood, Daria Roithmayr and Andrew V. Papachristos in Socius</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Drug Release in Biological Tissues, Chapter 3
No full textProblems involving the release of a drug from a polymeric gel matrix into biological tissues
arise in a number of scientific and bioengineering disciplines. Important technological areas
include drug-eluting stents for the prevention of restenosis [1–6], therapeutic contact lenses
to increase the ocular bioavailability of ophthalmic drugs [7,8] and dermal and transdermal
drug delivery [9–11]
Transdermal Drug Delivery and Percutaneous Absorption: Mathematical Modeling Perspectives, Chapter 10
No full textSystemic delivery of drugs by percutaneous permeation (transdermal drug delivery, TDD)
offers several advantages compared to oral release or hypodermic injection. Because TDD’s
controlled release rate can provide a constant concentration for a long period of time and
improved patient compliance, TDD has been shown to be an attractive alternative to oral
administration [1]. The most advanced delivery systems (electroporation and cavitational
ultrasound) enhance transdermal delivery through a strong and reversible disruption of
the stratum corneum (SC), without damaging the deeper tissues
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
- …
