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    Ponte, S.

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    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed

    Closed-form and iterative solutions of the problem of the global positioning system

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    The four user unknowns (three coordinates and the user clock bias) of the global positioning system single-point code-range static positioning problem are evaluated by means of pseudorange measurements and a minimal number of satellites. The presented methodologies, not needing model linearization and computation of trial (initial) values of the unknowns, provide fast and reliable initialization of commercial global positioning system firmware, typically based on linearized models. The procedures are validated by analyzing numerical results on real global positioning system measurements. Good performance and rate of convergence with respect to other methodologies found in literature testify the cost-effectiveness of our approach
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