1,721,022 research outputs found
Response of a diamond detector sandwich to 14 MeV neutrons
No full textIn this paper we present the measurement of the response of 50 μm thin diamond detectors to 14 MeV neutrons. Such neutrons are produced in fusion reactors and are of particular interest for ITER neutron diagnostics. Among semiconductor detectors diamond has properties most appropriate for harsh radiation and temperature conditions of a fusion reactor. However, 300-500 μm thick diamond detectors suffer significant radiation damage already at neutron fluences of the order of 1014 n/cm2. It is expected that a 50 μm thick diamond will withstand a fluence of >1016n/cm2. We tested two 50 μm thick single crystal CVD diamonds, stacked to form a "sandwich" detector for coincidence measurements. The coincidence between two diamonds allows to suppress background and increase detection efficiency. The detector measured the conversion of 14 MeV neutrons, impinging on one diamond, into α particles which were detected in the second diamond in coincidence with nuclear recoil. For C12(n,α)Be9 reaction the total energy deposited in the detector gives access to the initial neutron energy value. The measured 14 MeV neutron detection sensitivity through this reaction by a detector of an effective area 3×3 mm2 was 5×10-7 counts cm2/n. This value is in good agreement with Geant4 simulations. The energy resolution of the detector was found to be 870 keV FWHM, but according to Geant4 simulations only about 160 keV FWHM were intrinsic. © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Test of a prototype neutron spectrometer based on diamond detectors in a fast reactor
No full textA prototype of neutron spectrometer based on diamond detectors has been developed. This prototype consists of a 6Li neutron converter sandwiched between two CVD diamond crystals. The radiation hardness of the diamond crystals makes it suitable for applications in low power research reactors, while a low sensitivity to gamma rays and low leakage current of the detector permit to reach good energy resolution. A fast coincidence between two crystals is used to reject background. The detector was read out using two different electronic chains connected to it by a few meters of cable. The first chain was based on conventional charge-sensitive amplifiers, the other used a custom fast charge amplifier developed for this purpose. The prototype has been tested at various neutron sources and showed its practicability. In particular, the detector was calibrated in a TRIGA thermal reactor (LENA laboratory, University of Pavia) with neutron fluxes of 108 n/cm2s and at the 3 MeV D-D monochromatic neutron source named FNG (ENEA, Rome) with neutron fluxes of 106 n/cm2s. The neutron spectrum measurement was performed at the TAPIRO fast research reactor (ENEA, Casaccia) with fluxes of 109 n/cm2s. The obtained spectra were compared to Monte Carlo simulations, modeling detector response with MCNP and Geant4. © 2015 IEEE
Neutron spectrometer for fast nuclear reactors
No full textIn this paper we describe the development and first tests of a neutron spectrometer designed for high flux environments, such as the ones found in fast nuclear reactors. The spectrometer is based on the conversion of neutrons impinging on 6Li into α and t whose total energy comprises the initial neutron energy and the reaction Q-value. The 6LiF layer is sandwiched between two CVD diamond detectors, which measure the two reaction products in coincidence. The spectrometer was calibrated at two neutron energies in well known thermal and 3 MeV neutron fluxes. The measured neutron detection efficiency varies from 4.2×10-4 to 3.5×10-8 for thermal and 3 MeV neutrons, respectively. These values are in agreement with Geant4 simulations and close to simple estimates based on the knowledge of the 6Li(n,α)t cross-section. The energy resolution of the spectrometer was found to be better than 100 keV when using 2.5 or 5 m cables between the detector and the preamplifiers. © 2015 Elsevier B.V. Allrightsreserved
14.8-MeV Neutron Irradiation on H-Terminated Diamond-Based MESFETs
No full textField-effect transistors (FETs) fabricated on hydrogen-terminated diamond surface have been heavily irradiated with 14.8-MeV neutrons in order to evaluate their possible application in very high neutron fluence environments. The dc performance of the diamond-based FETs, such as drain saturation current and maximum transconductance, has been studied as a function of a 14.8-MeV neutron fluence up to 1014 n/cm2, delivered in five steps. The effects on electrical properties of H-terminated diamond surface have also been investigated during the neutron irradiation experiments. The Hall parameters, i.e., sheet hole concentration, hole mobility, and sheet resistance, were monitored before and after each irradiation. The performance remains stable during all the neutron fluence steps, thus assessing a remarkable radiation hardness of diamond-based devices. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first published data on 14-MeV neutron tolerance of diamond FET devices. © 2016 IEEE
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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