1,721,012 research outputs found
Pith Eccentricity, Basal Area Increments and Disturbances Inferred from Tree-Ring Growth
No full textForest management constantly seeks tools that can optimize the production of goods and services. As natural archives, tree rings have proven to be effective in terms of refining the dynamics of growth on a temporal basis. This study evaluates the application of these tree rings in estimating the effect of pith eccentricity on forest growth, modeling the increase in basal area (BAI) and identifying disturbances in five coexisting species in northern Mexico. A Wilcoxon rank sum test showed significant differences, with higher radial growth in the north direction compared to the other directions. A mixed model analysis revealed two patterns of BAI growth, fast and slow growing. The former includes P. arizonica, P. engel mannii and P. leiophylla, whereas the latter comprises P. durangensis and P. lumholtzii. The fast-growing group shows a higher increment during the sapling stage. However, during subsequent stages, it presents growth rates similar to those of the slow-growing group. Finally, the percentage growth change (PGC) filter approach identified species disturbances with differential species responses, which temporarily cause uneven-aged forest. We conclude that tree rings can provide valuable information for forest management, and their temporal amplitude can be supported with information from permanent plots
Sensitivity of pines in Mexico to temperature varies with age
Full text linkMéxico tiene abundancia de especies de Pinus, con P. cooperi como especie dominante de gran importancia ecológica. En este estudio se comparó la sensibilidad climática de dos clases de edad de árboles de P. cooperi que crecen en la Sierra Madre Occidental: jóvenes (< 80 años) y maduros (≥ 80 años). Se desarrolló una curva regional de estandarización del crecimiento del ancho de anillo para las dos clases de edad. El análisis estadístico mostró que el crecimiento anual del ancho de anillo del árbol fue similar entre las dos clases. Sin embargo, se encontró que el efecto de temperaturas elevadas durante el invierno previo son dependientes de la edad; esto es, temperaturas máximas y mínimas tienen efectos opuestos en el crecimiento subsecuente del árbol. Inviernos cálidos tienen efectos negativos en el crecimiento radial, y éstos son más fuertes en árboles jóvenes que en maduros; mientras que las temperaturas mínimas promueven el crecimiento. Sin embargo, no hubo diferencia en crecimiento radial entre las dos clases de edad con base en la precipitación. En escenarios de cambio climático, un incremento de la temperatura podría afectar más a los árboles jóvenes que a los maduros. Estos efectos de temperatura elevada pueden llevar a la reducción del crecimiento y la muerte subsecuente de los árboles. Estos resultados podrían ayudar a los manejadores de bosques a desarrollar criterios relacionados con la gestión forestal para esta especie.Mexico has an abundance of Pinus species with P. cooperi as a dominant tree species of great ecological importance. In this study, we compared the climate sensitivity of P. cooperi trees of two age classes growing in the Sierra Madre Occidental: younger (< 80 years) and older (≥ 80 years) trees. A regional curve standardization (RCS) of growth ring width was developed for these two age classes. Our statistical analysis showed that annual tree growth was similar between the two age classes in absolute values of tree-ring widths. However, we found that the effects of rising temperatures during the previous winter are age-dependent; that is, maximum and minimum temperatures have opposite effects on the subsequent tree growth. Warming winter maximum temperatures have negative effects on radial growth, which are stronger in younger trees, whilst minimum winter temperatures enhance the growth. However, no difference in radial growth was observed between the two age classes based on precipitation. In climate change scenarios, an increase in temperature would affect younger trees of P. cooperi more than older trees. These effects of increased temperature may lead to a decrease in the growth and subsequent death of the trees. These results could help land managers to develop criteria related to forest management regarding P. cooperi.Fil: Pompa García, Marín. Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango. Facultad de Ciencias Forestales; MéxicoFil: Hadad, Martín Ariel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan. Centro de Investigaciones de la Geosfera y Biosfera. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones de la Geosfera y Biosfera; Argentin
Tree-Growth Variations of Nothofagus antarctica Related to Climate and Land Use Changes in Southern Patagonia, Argentina
No full textIsolated forest patches of Nothofagus antarctica (ñire) are frequent in the Patagonian forest-steppe ecotone. These remnants, also called relicts (R), are separate from the continuous forests (C). Over the past century, these ecotonal forests have been impacted by anthropogenic activities, including fires, logging, and cattle ranching. In order to identify in N. antarctica ring-width records the variations in tree growth associated with documented changes in land use, five sites were selected in Santa Cruz, Argentina. In each site, increment cores from R and C were collected. We developed individual chronologies, and the relationships between regional climate variations and N. antarctica growth were established for each forest type and site. The similarities/differences between site-paired chronologies (R-C) were estimated by calculating moving correlation coefficients lagged by 1 year. N. antarctica regional growth was directly related to precipitation during the current growing season (November–December; r = 0.34, n = 62, p < 0.01), and inversely related to temperature (December–March; r = −0.58, n = 62, p < 0.001). Since the middle of the twentieth century, a progressive decrease has been recorded in regional radial growth, consistent with an increase in summer temperature and a decrease in spring precipitation. In the context of this regional response of N. antarctica to climate, differences in growth patterns between R and C were associated with past changes in land use. Overall, the largest differences between R and C chronologies were concurrent with the settlement of cattle ranches and the associated use of forests. Conversely, similarities between R and C records increased after the establishment of protected areas and during the implementation of similar management practices in both forest types. Our research provides the first dendrochronological records from Nothofagus antarctica for the Argentinean Patagonia and represents one of the first efforts to identify in tree-rings past changes in livestock practices in southern South America.EEA Santa CruzFil: Vettese, Evangelina S. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. CIT Santa Cruz; Argentina.Fil: Villalba, Ricardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales; Argentina.Fil: Orellana Ibáñez, Ivonne A. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Ciencias de la Salud; Argentina.Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz; Argentina.Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral; Argentina.Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina
¿Hay variaciones en la concentración de carbono entre especies de bosques de alto valor de conservación en el norte de México?
Full text linkDespite the publication of numerous studies about carbon (C) concentration in
various tree components, few have investigated the C variation in spatially restricted
tree species. We evaluated differences in C concentrations among four conifer species of
High Value Conservation Forests (HVCF) in northern Mexico. Total carbon concentration
(TOC) analyses were performed for Cupressus lusitanica Mill, Picea chihuahuana Mtz.,
Abies durangensis Mtz., and Pseudotsuga menziesii Mirb. Carbon concentration varies
within the structural tree component, but no significant difference was found when the
aerial samples were classified based on the point of cardinal extraction from where they
were taken. The species, P. menziesii, A. durangensis, and P. chihuahuana showed the
lowest C concentration in the stems, while C. lusitanica had the highest.A pesar de la publicación de numerosos estudios sobre la concentración de carbono
(C) en diversos componentes del árbol, pocos han investigado la variación entre especies
de distribución restringida y sus componentes. Se investigaron las diferencias en las
concentraciones de C entre las cuatro especies de coníferas de alto valor de conservación
(Bosques HVCF) en el norte de México. Se realizó un análisis de la concentración
total de carbono (TOC) para Cupressus lusitanica Mill., Picea chihuahuana Mtz., Abies
durangensis Mtz., y Pseudotsuga menziesii Mirb. La concentración de C varía dentro del
componente estructural de árbol, pero no se encontró ninguna diferencia significativa
en la concentración de C según la orientación de la extracción cardinal de muestras de
tejidos aéreos. Las especies, P. menziesii Mirb., A. durangensis Mtz. y P. chihuahuana Mtz.,
resultaron tener la menor concentración de contenido de carbono en los tallos, mientras
que C. lusitanica Mill. tuvo la mayor.Fil: Hernández Vera, Diego.
Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango (México). Facultad de Ciencias Forestales.Fil: Pompa García, Marín.
Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango (México). Facultad de Ciencias Forestales.Fil: Wehenkel, Christian.
Universidad Juárez del Estado
de Durango (México). Instituto de Silvicultura e Industria de la Madera.Fil: Pérez Verdín, Gustavo.
Instituto Politécnico Nacional (México). Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional.Fil: Carrillo Parra, Artemio.
Universidad Juárez del Estado
de Durango (México). Instituto de Silvicultura e Industria de la Madera
What Are Contemporary Mexican Conifers Telling Us? A Perspective Offered from Tree Rings Linked to Climate and the NDVI along a Spatial Gradient
No full textForest structure and composition have changed rapidly worldwide, presenting tendencies towards an increasing proportion of younger trees. From chronologies of tree-ring indices (TRI) and the reconstruction of the basal area increment (BAI), a dendroecological study was conducted from the perspective of the radial growth of twelve contemporary conifer species in a highly diverse region of the planet. From an elevational perspective, the TRI were associated with climate and the NDVI, while the BAI was also modeled as a potential proxy for forest productivity. Climate affects the species differently according to elevation: at 1900 m asl, Pinus caribaea, P. oocarpa and P. jeffreyi presented the lowest sensitivities to climate and drought. For their part, species occupying the intermediate part of the gradient (1901–3000 m asl), such as P. engelmannii, P. patula, P. johannis and P. maximartinezii, were very sensitive to maximum temperature (TMax), precipitation (PP) and drought during the winter–spring period. Finally, of the species distributed on the upper part of the gradient (>3000 m asl), only Abies religiosa was associated with TMax and drought; Juniperus deppeana, A. hickelii and P. hartwegii did not seem to be vulnerable to drought. Complementarily, we found significant differences in the BAI as a function of elevation, with the sites at 1001–1500 m asl presenting higher BAI. The results suggest that the growth in these forests is impacted by droughts and follows a distinct spatial pattern, with greater restriction found in mid-elevation forests. Consistent implications are also observed in BAI trends. For its part, the NDVI demonstrated a decreasing tendency in greenness from south to north, although no elevation pattern was evident. The combined proxies utilized here produced parameters that improve our understanding of forest growth and should be considered in vegetation dynamics models in order to reduce their uncertainty in the face of climate vulnerability. These forests must be sustainably managed, and it is therefore crucial to determine the influence of ecological variables on their growth
Forest dynamics in the argentinean patagonian andes: Lessons learned from dendroecology
No full textThe study of forest dynamics over large temporal and spatial scales has widely benefited from dendrochronological techniques. Patagonia is home to several long-lived tree species (Austrocedrus chilensis, Araucaria araucana, Fitzroya cupressoides, Nothofagus dombeyi and N. pumilio) with well-defined tree rings suitable for reconstructing tree establishment, mortality, spatio-temporal growth patterns and disturbance regimes with annual resolution. The first dendrochronological studies in the region date back to the 1950s and had a strong emphasis on hydroclimatology. It was not until the last few decades that studies using dendroecological techniques began to emerge. In this chapter, we review the experience gained by the tree-ring lab at IANIGLA (CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina) and colleagues from other institutions over the past 30 years applying dendroecological techniques to understand the role of climate and disturbances (insect outbreaks, snow avalanches, windblows, fires and decline) on forest dynamics. For each case, we summarized the process, and the dendrocronological methods used. In this way, it was possible to detect those gaps of knowledge that still can be explored using dendroecological methods in the Patagonian forests of Argentina.Fil: Srur, Ana Marina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales; ArgentinaFil: Amoroso, Mariano Martin. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Sede Andina. Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales, Agroecología y Desarrollo Rural; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte; ArgentinaFil: Mundo, Ignacio Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales; ArgentinaFil: Morales, Mariano Santos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales; ArgentinaFil: Rodríguez Cantón, Milagros. Columbia University; Estados UnidosFil: Aschero, Valeria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales; ArgentinaFil: Villalba, Ricardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales; Argentin
Dendroecology of Prosopis Species in the World: Secular Traces of Natural and Anthropic Events and Their Effects on Prosopis Growth
No full textProsopis genus comprises 44 species which grow in arid and semiarid environments of America, Asia and Africa and in Oceania as introduced species. Of those 44 species, 30 grow in America. Argentina is supposed to be the origin center of the genus Prosopis, and that could explain the fact that this country has the highest species variability. Prosopis species are of great ecological and social value providing goods such as firewood, food, feed for livestock and medicines as well as services acting as watershed stabilizers and nitrogen and carbon sequesters. In this chapter, we address the new insights that dendrochronological studies have provided about Prosopis genus worldwide with main emphasis in Latin America. Many studies provide information about growth dynamics which are later on applied to develop management plans, to quantify the increment in dead and alive biomass throughout time or to estimate growth changes linked to social and political events. Rainfall is the main growth driver of Prosopis throughout the Andes from Peru to central Argentina, whereas in the flat Pampas temperature is the main tree-ring width driver. Climate variables are hard to separate from other factors affecting growth such as geomorphology, anthropogenic impact and groundwater depth. Outside of Latin America, dendrochronology of Prosopis has been used for the analysis of anthropogenic contamination. Fire, the main disturbance factor in arid and semiarid environments, showed a regional dynamic as a result of human activities. Most dendroecological studies on Prosopis species, which allowed determining these species dynamics, concluded that Prosopis do not present an encroaching behavior. This review demonstrates the avant-garde and influential value of Prosopis genus for dendroecological research as it allows reconstructing past disturbances as fire, anthropogenic impact and changes in groundwater depth for the last 50–100 years and up to 356 years in the case of Prosopis caldenia Burkart in the Pampean Region.Fil: Cangiano, Maria Laura. North Carolina State University; Estados UnidosFil: Cendoya, Maria Alicia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional La Pampa-San Luis. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Luis; ArgentinaFil: Risio Allione, Lucia Veronica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Económico Sociales. Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias; ArgentinaFil: Bogino, Stella Marys. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Económico Sociales. Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias; Argentin
Dendrochronological Study of the Xeric and Mesic Araucaria araucana Forests of Northern Patagonia: Implications for Ecology and Conservation
No full textThe identification of the forest structure could give insights of the processes that determine certain aspects of the population dynamics over time. To address this concern in the Araucaria araucana forests of northwestern Patagonia in Argentina, 14 forest stands distributed along a strong precipitation gradient were analyzed. A suite of components of the forest structure were considered in order to determine (1) the relationship between climate and tree growth variability, (2) the age structure of each study site by defining age classes through the tree-ring analysis, (3) the relationship between tree age, tree height, and stem diameter, and (4) sex ratio. Xeric forests were affected significantly and negatively by the temperature of the current growing season, while mesic forests were more affected during winter months. Precipitation showed a positive effect on growth at the beginning of the growing season in all forests. Age distribution in the xeric and mesic environments showed a preponderance of trees between 51 and 300, and 51 and 250 years old, respectively. Broadly, male and female trees were more abundant in xeric and mesic forests, respectively. The tree age-diameter and tree height-diameter relationships were significantly positive in both mesic and xeric environments. Through these elements, some aspects of the A. araucana trees and forests in their natural distribution area were revealed, which consolidate a better understanding of the ecology and dynamics of these endemic forests and provide tools for designing proper conservation strategies.Fil: Hadad, Martín Ariel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan. Centro de Investigaciones de la Geosfera y Biosfera. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones de la Geosfera y Biosfera; ArgentinaFil: Arco Molina, Julieta Gabriela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales; ArgentinaFil: Roig Junent, Fidel Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales; Argentina. Universidad Mayor; Chile. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasi
Temporal Growth Variation in High-Elevation Forests: Case Study of Polylepis Forests in Central Andes
No full textPolylepis species form the dominant high-altitude forests in the tropicalAndes, one of the most vulnerable regions to future climate change scenarios. Thestudy of the growth of these forests provides useful information about their ontogenyand the environmental conditions where they develop. The identification ofgrowth patterns is relevant for understanding the dynamics of the forests in responseto climatic variables. In this chapter, we present a brief review of dendroecologicalstudies on Polylepis species. We also developed for the first time in the centralAndes of Peru three new Polylepis ring-width chronologies together with a diametergrowth modeling for the following species: Polylepis rodolfo-vasquezii, Polylepisrugulosa, and Polylepis tarapacana. Dendrochronological techniques together with a biologically based model help us to obtain information on forestry traits ofPolylepis species. P. rodolfo-vasquezii to growth response to summer temperature ofthe current growth period determined radial growth, whereas spring and summerprecipitation from the previous growth period determined the radial growth in P.rugulosa and P. tarapacana, respectively. The radial growth models indicated differencesin the growth of the three Polylepis species with P. rodolfo-vasquezii reachingthe highest rate (0.11 cm/yr), while P. tarapacana showed the lowest (0.08 cm/yr). Due to the low growth rates of these Polylepis species, long periods (>100 years)are required to establish and provide ecosystem services. As these forests face thechallenge of climate change and anthropogenic pressure, there is a clear need toobtain precise information in order to formulate guidelines for the conservation ofthese forests, and the application of dendroecology is indispensable in this context.Fil: Requena Rojas, Edilson Jimmy. Universidad Continental; PerúFil: Crispín DelaCruz, Doris B.. Universidad Continental; PerúFil: Ticse-Otarola, Ginette. Universidad Continental; PerúFil: Rusbelth Quispe Melgar, Harold. Universidad Continental; PerúFil: Inga Guillen, Janet G.. Universidad Continental; PerúFil: Camel Paucar, Vladimir. Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina; PerúFil: Guerra, Anthony. Universidad Nacional del Centro del
Perú; PerúFil: Ames Martinez, Fressia Nathalie. Universidad Continental; PerúFil: Morales, Mariano Santos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales; Argentin
Dendroecological Studies with Cedrela odorata L., Northeastern Brazil
No full textNortheastern Brazil is home to the Caatinga Forest, characterized as a Tropical Dry Forest (TDF), and the Dense Ombrophilous Forest (the Atlantic Forest) predominates near the coast. In the Caatinga, the climate is semiarid, with <600 mm of mean annual precipitation and a mean annual air temperature of 27 °C ± 6 °C. The precipitation presents a seasonal pattern, with a rainy season concentrated in the first half of the year and at least 6 months of dry season, with volumes <50 mm/month. The climate in the Atlantic Forest has a milder air temperature and a mean rainfall of 1450 mm/year. In both regions the tree species, Cedrela odorata L., widely studied in dendrochronology, presents populations in farms, with several individuals per hectare. In recent decades, 10 chronologies of C. odorata have been produced and compared to precipitation and other environmental factors, and their competition with lianas and support of the herbivorous process has been noted. This chapter presents the potential of C. odorata for dendrochronology in Northeastern Brazil; the anatomy of true rings with marginal parenchyma associated with vessels differed from the false rings by the absence of vessels. Absent rings were also observed. Nine chronologies had correlations above the critical level of 0.51 (0.51?0.79) and sensitivity between 0.547 and 0.771. The correlation between all series (rbt) of all chronologies had values between 0.27 and 0.68 and expressed population signal (EPS) above 0.85 (between 0.88 and 0.98). In both biomes, several populations of C. odorata have resulted in climate-related chronologies that showed the seasonal rainfall from May to July induces metabolism and growth rings formation. We also presented the methodology used for tropical dendroecology studies and the relationship between plant growth and environmental conditions.Fil: Lisi, Claudio Sergio. Universidade Federal de Sergipe; BrasilFil: Alves Pagotto, Mariana. Universidade Federal de Sergipe; BrasilFil: Anholetto, Claudio Roberto. Universidade Federal de Sergipe; BrasilFil: Carvalho Nogueira, Francisco. Universidade Federal de Sergipe; BrasilFil: Lima Santos, Helberson . Universidade Federal de Sergipe; BrasilFil: Costa, Clayane Matos . Universidade Federal de Sergipe; BrasilFil: Romany Nunes Menezes, Ítallo . Universidade Federal de Sergipe; BrasilFil: Roig Junent, Fidel Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales; ArgentinaFil: Filho, Mario Tommasiello . Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasi
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