1,720,966 research outputs found
Politiche governative e pratiche organizzative per migliorare l'inclusione ed il benessere
No full textIl mio progetto di ricerca si concentra sia sulle politiche normative e di supporto adottate dalle istituzioni nazionali e sovranazionali che sulle pratiche organizzative adottate a livello aziendale per ridurre le disuguaglianze di genere e la discriminazione dei gruppi più fragili, migliorando il loro benessere sul posto di lavoro e nella società. Il primo capitolo della tesi riguarda l'analisi delle quote di genere, una misura politica che recentemente è stata adottata in molti Paesi con l'obiettivo di aumentare l'equilibrio di genere nei consigli di amministrazione e favorire la partecipazione delle donne ai processi decisionali. In Italia, le quote di genere sono state introdotte nel 2011 attraverso la "Legge Golfo-Mosca". Utilizzando un panel bilanciato, valuto l'efficacia di questa politica in Italia, rispetto ai suoi effetti nel migliorare la diversità di genere nei consigli di amministrazione sia delle società direttamente interessate dalla legge sia di quelle che non ne sono state oggetto. Questo capitolo analizza anche il fenomeno del glass cliff, secondo cui le donne hanno maggiori probabilità di essere nominate in ruoli di leadership quando le aziende si trovano in difficoltà finanziarie e in condizioni precarie. Il secondo e il terzo capitolo si concentrano sulle politiche aziendali e sulle pratiche organizzative (ad esempio il lavoro a domicilio, le pratiche di conciliazione vita-lavoro, il supporto dei supervisori) che possono essere attuate dalle aziende e dalle organizzazioni per migliorare il benessere e la soddisfazione lavorativa delle donne e di altri gruppi discriminati. Questa tesi intende contribuire al dibattito sull'equità e la giustizia nel mercato del lavoro e nei luoghi di lavoro, evidenziando le possibili misure che possono migliorare la rappresentanza delle donne e di altre popolazioni fragili, le loro condizioni di lavoro e il loro benessere.My research project is focused on both regulatory and other policies adopted by national and sovranational institutions and organizational practices at company level for reducing gender inequalities and discrimination against the most fragile groups improving their well-being in the workplace and the society. The first chapter of the thesis relates the analysis of gender quotas, a policy measure that recently has been widely adopted in many countries with the scope of increasing gender balance on boards and fostering women participation in the decision-making processes. In Italy, gender quotas have been introduced in 2011 through the “Golfo-Mosca Law”. Using a balance panel, I evaluate the efficacy of this policy in Italy, with respect to its effects in improving the gender diversity on boards of both companies directly targeted by the law as well as on those companies that were not targeted by it. This chapter also analyzes the glass cliff phenomenon, according to which women are more likely to be appointed in leadership roles when firms face financial difficulties and are in precarious conditions. My second and third chapters focus on firm policies and organizational practices (e.g home based work, work life balance practices, supervisor support) that can be implemented by firms and organizations for improving well-being and job satisfaction of the women and other discriminated groups. This thesis aims to contribute to the debate on equity and justice in the labor market and workplace by highlighting possible measures that can improve the representation of women and other fragile populations, their working conditions and well-being
Gender quotas between glass ceiling crack and firm performance: evidence from Italy's financial sector
Get PDFUsing a panel data of Italian corporate companies, this paper evaluates the impact of mandatory gender quotas in corporate boards in the financial sector. We find that gender quotas reduce glass ceiling barriers in this traditionally male industry, increasing women’s presence on boards of both companies targeted by the law and in those that are not, with positive spillover effects on this subsample. We also find that the higher women’s presence on boards has different impacts on firms’ financial performance: it has a negative effect on the financial sector as a whole and a positive one on firms with small boards. Our results support the introduction of gender quotas, given its positive spillover effects on glass ceiling barriers and on the overall increased women’s presence on boards
Organizational conditions, work–life balance and work ability of healthcare workers
No full textPurpose – This study examines work ability, defined as the balance between personal resources and job demands. It is considered a key indicator of sustainable employability, a critical issue in the healthcare context. Specifically, it analyzes how job resources and demandsshape employees’ work ability and evaluatesthe role of work–life balance as a potential mediator of these relationships.
Design/methodology/approach – We estimate structural equation modeling (SEM) using STATA 18 on a sample of 443 healthcare workers at the University Hospital of Modena (Italy).
Findings – Our findings show that supportive supervisors, work autonomy and discretion positively influence work ability. Work–life balance emerges as a crucial mediator of the relationships between work autonomy, work intensification and employee work ability.
Practical implications – These results underscore the crucial role of organizational practicesin bolstering work ability and well-being. Key priorities include enhancing leadership quality through training and mentoring initiatives. Equally important isfostering work–life balance by enhancing employee autonomy and involvement in key decisions related to their work.
Originality/value – This paper contributes to the literature by providing an in-depth analysis of job demands and resources affecting work ability in the healthcare sector. Furthermore, it is the first study to evaluate the mediating role of work–life balance in this specific context
Mental well-being and government support in Europe. The mediating role of trust in people and institutions
Get PDFPurpose : This paper investigates the determinants of subjective well-being in Europe using the European Living, Working and COVID-19 (ELWC) Survey carried out by Eurofound (2021). Socio-demographics characteristics, employment status, measures of economic distress, inequality and work life balance are considered. Particular attention is paid to how quality of government support (QGS), that considers the dimensions of good governance such as integrity, fairness, reliability, responsiveness and influences subjective mental well-being (WHO-5) through the mediation of trust in other people and in institutions.
Design/methodology/approach :To this end, the authors estimate a moderated mediation model for analysing the indirect role of QGS on WHO-5 through institutional trust and trust in people.
Findings: The results support the hypothesis that the reduction in WHO-5 in the European population during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID–19), particularly marked in the 18–34 age group, is related to the perceived inadequacy of government interventions in managing economic and social uncertainty through supportive
measures. This outcome is also due to reduced trust in institutions and other people, as both are significant mediators that reinforce the impact of public support on WHO-5.
Practical implications : Government should pay greater attention to this relationship among good governance, trust and mental health of citizens because a healthy human capital is a significant factor for the long-run economic growth, in a special way when the authors refer to the young workforce with a greater life expectancy.
Originality/value : In the literature, the role of trust as a mediator has been analysed in the relationship between individual economic situations and subjective well-being before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no studies have examined the role of perceived QGS on subjective mental well-being using the mediating and backing effects of trust in people and institution
Economic distress, democratic quality, and satisfaction with democracy in Europe during COVID-19: A multilevel approach
No full textFactors associated with work ability among employees of an Italian university hospital
Get PDFBackground: A growing body of evidence clearly documents the benefits of integrated systems approaches to protecting and promoting the safety, health and well-being of workers. The purpose of this study is to provide a holistic view of the work ability of employees of an Italian University Hospital measuring their resources in relation to job demands. In particular, it examines socio-demographics, family and organizational antecedents of health professionals' work ability. Methods: A survey was conducted to assess the work ability of healthcare professionals, including physicians, nurses and administrative staff, working at the University Hospital of Modena (Italy). The data collection allows us to get a sample of 443 workers, who correspond to 11% of the target population. The data were analyzed using preliminary statistics on the main characteristics of the sample in terms of work ability, socio-demographic variables, family and organizational characteristics. In addition, logit models of the likelihood of having high work ability were estimated using SPSS version 25. Results: Work ability decreases with increasing age, comorbidity, high body mass index, having at least one child under 5 and/or a dependent adult, having a poor work-life balance, and doing more than 20 h of housework. Specific job resources can significantly promote work ability, including relationship-oriented leadership, autonomy in decision making and individuals' skill match. The nursing profession is associated with a low work ability. Finally, a significant gender gap has been documented. Women find it more difficult to reconcile life and work, especially when they have children of preschool age and work in professions with greater responsibilities, as in the case of women doctors, who experience lower work capacity. Conclusions: Our results suggest that it is necessary to consider other factors, in addition to age, that are equally relevant in influencing work ability. Consequently, organisational interventions could be implemented to improve the work ability of all workers. In addition, we propose targeted interventions for groups at risk of reduced work capacity, in particular older workers (45 years and over), nurses, women with children of preschool age and in the position of physician
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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