1,355,508 research outputs found
Hepatic thyroid hormone receptor-β signalling: Mechanisms and recent advancements in the treatment of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis
No full textThe pharmacotherapy of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and its progressive form, the metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), remains a hot topic in research and a largely unmet need in clinical practice. As the first approval of a disease-specific drug, resmetirom, was regarded as a milestone for the management of this common liver disease, this comprehensive and updated review aimed to highlight the importance of the hepatic thyroid hormone (TH) receptor (THR)-beta signalling for the treatment of MASH, with a special focus on resmetirom. First, the genomic and non-genomic actions of the liver-directed THR-beta mediated mechanisms are summarized. THR-beta has a key role in hepatic lipid and carbohydrate metabolism; disruption of THR-beta signalling leads to dysmetabolism, thus promoting MASLD and possibly its progression to MASH and cirrhosis. In the clinical setting, this is translated into a significant association between primary hypothyroidism and MASLD, as confirmed by recent meta-analyses. An association between MASLD and subclinical intrahepatic hypothyroidism (i.e. a state of relatively low hepatic triiodothyronine concentrations, with circulating TH concentrations within the normal range) is also emerging and under investigation. In line with this, the favourable results of the phase 3 placebo-controlled MAESTRO trials led to the recent conditional approval of resmetirom by the US FDA for treating adults with MASH and moderate-to-advanced fibrosis. This conditional approval of resmetirom opened a new window to the management of this common and burdensome liver disease, thus bringing the global scientific community in front of new perspectives and challenges
Role of Glucocorticoids in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease
No full textPurpose of the review: To summarize published data on the association between glucocorticoids and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), focusing on the possible pathophysiological links and related treatment considerations. Recent findings: Glucocorticoids, commonly used for managing many inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, may contribute to the development and progression of MASLD. Glucocorticoids may induce hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, thus increasing systemic and hepatic insulin resistance, a hallmark of MASLD pathogenesis. Furthermore, glucocorticoids increase adipose tissue lipolysis, and hepatic de novo lipogenesis and decrease hepatic fatty acid β-oxidation, thus promoting MASLD development. Preclinical evidence also suggests that glucocorticoids may adversely affect hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) and 5α-reductase are implicated in the link between glucocorticoids and MASLD, the former enzyme increasing and the latter reducing the glucocorticoid action on the liver. Treatment considerations exist due to the pathogenic link between glucocorticoids and MASLD. Since iatrogenic hypercortisolism is common, glucocorticoids should be used at the minimum daily dose to control the subjective disease. Furthermore, the pharmacologic inhibition of 11β-HSD1 has provided favorable results in MASLD, both in preclinical studies and early MASH clinical trials. Glucocorticoids are closely linked to MASLD pathophysiology, with specific clinical and therapeutic implications
Soutenance de thèse : Iris Polyzos
No full textIris POLYZOS a soutenu publiquement sa thèse pour l’obtention du doctorat en Géographie le 24 juin 2014 à l’Université Technique Nationale d’Athènes (direction Dina Vaiou et Emmanuel Ma Mung). Intitulée "Parcours des migrants et mutations sociospatiales à Athènes : le cas des commerçants chinois dans le quartier de Metaxourgio", cette thèse a été réalisée en cotutelle entre le Département urbanisme et aménagement du territoire de l'École d'architecture de l'Université technique nationale d'At..
sj-docx-1-inq-10.1177_00469580221092829 – Supplemental material for Sustainability of Healthcare Financing in Greece: A Relation Between Public and Social Insurance Contributions and Delivery Expenditures
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-inq-10.1177_00469580221092829 for Sustainability of Healthcare Financing in Greece: A Relation Between Public and Social Insurance Contributions and Delivery Expenditures by George Mavridoglou and Nikolaos Polyzos in INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing</p
Coresponding Author: Nikos Polyzos, Associate Professor of Health Service Management, Former Secretary General of Ministry of Health
No full textAbstract Purpose: The purpose of this study was to access the performance of 117 Greek National Health System (NHS) hospitals for the year 2011, to compare the findings with the results from similar studies of the previous years (2009 and 2010) and to investigate the changes during the last three years of financial crisis. Method: An input-oriented Data Envelopment Analysis was used to measure three indicators, technical, pure technical and scale efficiency indicators. Data was collected from the reports of the web-based facility (ESY.net) which was developed by the General Secretary of Ministry of Health and Social Solidarity. The input variables were the number of physicians, the number of nurses and other personnel, the number of beds and expenditures of every hospital. The output variables were the number of inpatient and outpatient visits. Hospitals were categorized into three size groups. Results: Between the years 2009-2011, all hospitals, especially middle-sized hospitals showed performance improvement on all three indicators. Specific problems were noticed mainly in large-sized hospitals. The technical efficiency of Large-sized hospitals was estimated at 80%, of Middle-sized hospitals at 82% and of Small hospitals-Health Care Centres at 89%. Pure technical and scale efficiency varied between satisfactory levels throughout the study period. Conclusion: Comparing the 2009-2011 data, an improvement of technical efficiency in NHS hospitals has been achieved up to 100%, mainly in the middle-sized hospitals. Specifically, an increase of best practice hospitals has been noted, especially in the middle and small-sized hospitals, when certain units were added the technical efficiency reached over 80%. The consequences of the spending-cuts and the constant reforms appear to have a positive effect on hospitals' efficiency. Hippokratia 2012, 16, 4: 350-35
MASLD is associated with an increased long-term risk of atrial fibrillation: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textBackground: studies have reported an association between metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and an increased risk of developing atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the magnitude of the risk and whether this risk varies with the severity of MASLD remains uncertain.Methods: in this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched three large electronic databases using predefined keywords to identify cohort studies (published up to 30 September 2024) in which MASLD was diagnosed by liver biopsy, imaging methods, International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes, or blood-based scores. The primary outcome was the occurrence of AF based on ICD codes, medical records, or electrocardiograms. Meta-analysis was performed using random-effects modelling.Results: we identified 16 retrospective cohort studies with aggregate data on ~19.5 million individuals followed for a median of 7.2 years. MASLD was significantly associated with an increased risk of developing incident AF (random-effects hazard ratio 1.20, 95% CI 1.10–1.32; I2 = 92%). This risk did not appear to further increase with the severity of liver fibrosis (n = 3 studies; random-effects hazard ratio 1.22, 95% CI 1.18–1.26; I2 = 10%). The risk of AF remained significant even after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, hypertension, Type 2 diabetes or other cardiometabolic risk factors. Sensitivity analyses did not modify these findings. The funnel plot and Egger's test showed no significant publication bias.Conclusions: this updated and comprehensive meta-analysis provides evidence that MASLD is significantly associated with an increased long-term risk of developing incident AF. Further research is required to better decipher the link between MASLD and increased AF incidence
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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