1,721,161 research outputs found
An empirical investigation into market risk disclosure: is there room to improve for Italian banks?
No full textPurpose: This paper aims to examine the market risk disclosure practices of large Italian banks. The contribution provides insights on the way banks should provide information about market risk. The problem related to the asymmetric information between banks from one side, and investors and stakeholders on the other, represents a crucial issue that requires further considerations by scholars and regulators. Design/methodology/approach: This contribution adopts a mixed methodological approach to analyse both qualitative and quantitative profiles of market risk disclosure in banking. This paper analyses the most important documents Italian banks are required to prepare for risk disclosure purposes, namely the management commentary, the Basel Pillar 3 disclosure report and the notes. Findings: The results show that banks do not fully exploit the potentialities of management commentary and Pillar 3 disclosure report. Various areas of information overlapping between the different financial reports worsen the overall comprehensibility and relevance of bank risk reporting. Practical implications: The reduction of the information overlapping, the careful choice of the location of the information and more appropriate use of the management commentary to provide qualitative information about market risk strategies represent crucial areas of improvement banks and regulators should take into account. Originality/value: Providing an in-depth analysis of the market risk disclosure practices of a sample of large Italian banks, this paper detects the main drawbacks of their market risk reporting and provides useful recommendations to improve it
How to measure bank credit risk disclosure? Testing a new methodological approach based on the content analysis framework
Full text linkRisk disclosure is a crucial factor in enhancing the efficiency of financial markets and promoting financial stability. This paper proposes a methodological tool to analyze credit risk disclosure in bank financial reports, based on the content analysis framework. The authors also use this methodology to carry out an empirical study on a small sample of large Italian banks. The paper provides preliminary empirical evidence that banks differ in their credit risk disclosure, even though they are subject to homogeneous regulatory and accounting requirements. Furthermore, by carrying-out a correlation-based network analysis, the paper provides preliminary evidence on the existence of a relationship between credit risk disclosure, bank size, and business model. The existing literature has not provided any methodological tool to analyze qualitative and quantitative profiles of bank credit risk disclosure. In order to fill this gap, we propose an original research methodology to investigate bank credit risk reporting. While previous contributions have examined related aspects adopting automated content analysis techniques, this paper proposes an original and non-automated content analysis approach. Our research has several regulatory
and strategic implications and lays the foundation for further research in banking, finance, and accounting
La disclosure ambientale in Europa: evidenze dalle aziende quotate dell’Indice Euro Stoxx50
No full textThe present study aims to detect the main internal and external determinants that influence corporate environmental disclosure practices. The empirical methodology consists of the development and use of an environmental disclosure dictionary specifically designed to examine corporate annual reports, in a fixed effect panel data econometric model, and in a difference-in-differences analysis. The sample analyzed includes those firms belonging to the Euro Stoxx 50 index, whose annual reports have been examined over the 2010 – 2019 time period. The main results show the existence of a non-linear relationship between firm size and environmental disclosure, whilst other firm-specific variables do not seem to have a significant impact on disclosure. Furthermore, it emerges that the French Law 2015-992 on energy transition for sustainable growth and the Paris accords have contributed to increasing the levels of corporate environmental disclosure. Such analysis shows that national and international regulatory interventions can play an important role to increase firm transparency with reference to environmental matters
Laser Ablation Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Embedded in Graphitic Carbon Matrix
No full textWe obtained a nanocomposite of silver nanoparticles embedded in a graphitic carbon matrix by laser ablation of an Ag plate in toluene solution. The AgNP nanocomposite has been characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, micro-Raman spectroscopy and HRTEM analysis. AgNP surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is quenched by the carbon matrix, but it can be easily restored by thermal oxidation in air of the matrix. The synthesis procedure is very fast and easy and the matrix prevents AgNP aggregation and growth. The solid nanocomposite can be obtained either as a film or as a bulk sample simply by evaporating the solvent. This technique can be easily adopted for several types of metals
The Role of Capital and Liquidity in Bank Lending: Are Banks Safer?
Full text linkThe aim of this paper is to examine whether and to what extent bank capital requirements and liquidity standards influence the level of bank stability. Our approach is that both capital and liquidity affect lending growth, which in turn affects bank stability. We construct a panel dataset on a sample of 2,054 commercial banks from 117 developed and developing countries during the 2000–16 period. By applying a two-stage least squares (2SLS) empirical methodology, our findings show that capital and liquidity have a negative direct impact on the level of bank stability. However, this influence is counteracted by an indirect positive effect through the increased level of credit. Our results are not homogeneous across legal and institutional environments. In particular, we provide evidence on more relevant relationships in countries with higher level of protection of creditor rights and lower restrictions on non-traditional banking activities. Our empirical findings are robust to different specifications of the empirical model and to potential endogeneity problems
Quality assurance and improvement program: some considerations for central banks
No full textPurposeQuality Assurance and Improvement Program (QAIP) is defined as "an ongoing and periodic assessment of the entire spectrum of audit and consulting work performed by the internal audit (IA) activity". QAIP is an important component of internal auditors' commitment to improve internal audit (IA) quality. The pressure towards improvement is urgent for central banks, in light of the vulnerabilities of their IA functions identified by the International Monetary Fund. The authors analyse the professional standards and the literature on IA and QAIP, aiming to propose general considerations to enhance IA quality and to develop and maintain a QAIP, with reference to central banks, also shedding light on the synergies among IA, QAIP and total quality management (TQM).Design/methodology/approachThis paper reviews the most relevant professional standards in light of the professional and academic literature regarding IA quality, QAIP and their relationship with TQM. The analysis of these sources represents an important step to identify general measures to improve IA quality and develop effective QAIP in central banks.FindingsThis analysis shows that it is important to understand the rationale behind the development of an IA function and its theoretical and practical foundation, especially for complex organisations such as central banks. In addition, the authors show that QAIP represents an important tool to exploit the synergies between TQM and IA. These synergies could result in higher levels of quality for the IA function and more effective implementation of TQM within the whole organisation. Lastly, the authors provide practical suggestions to support the implementation of an effective QAIP in central banks and to spread TQM philosophy within the organisation.Originality/valueThe authors contribute to the scant literature on IA quality and QAIP by focusing on central banks and shedding light on the relationship with TQM. Regardless of their importance, these topics have been largely neglected by the extant literature
Do Large European Banks Differ in their Derivative Disclosure Practices? A Cross-country Empirical Study.
No full textRisk disclosure has strategic importance for the efficiency of financial markets and overall financial stability. It plays a pivotal role in strengthening market discipline and building trust to improve relationships with stakeholders in banking. Risk reporting has taken a growing importance in banking over the last years. The topic of this paper is derivative reporting in banking. The authors employ content analysis to conduct an empirical study on a sample of large European banks. The authors propose a hybrid scoring model for the assessment of derivative disclosure in banking institutions. The methodology employed in this research is able to capture a considerable amount of information because it combines the characteristics of a quantitative and qualitative analysis. The paper provides evidences that banks differ in their derivative reporting, even though they are subject to similar regulatory requirements and accounting standards. This empirical analysis shows that there is room to improve various aspects of derivatives disclosure in banking and poses some questions that researchers may develop with further empirical analysis. The paper also discusses the potential policy implications of the research findings for practitioners, bank regulators, and accounting standard setters
Market risk disclosure in banking: an empirical analysis on four global systemically important European banks
No full textMarket risk reporting in banking has assumed such importance during the last decade. The purpose of this paper is to provide a methodology to evaluate the qualitative and quantitative profiles of the market risk disclosure in banking. We propose a hybrid methodology to assess whether or not banks are able to provide a satisfactory degree of information about the market risks they are exposed to. In this paper we conduct an empirical research of market risk disclosure on a sample of four global systemically important European banks. The paper provides evidences that banks differ in their market risk reporting models, even though they are subject to similar regulatory requirements and accounting standards. The paper also generates some useful insights for further research
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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