1,720,958 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Essays on crime, hysteresis, poverty and conditional cash transfers
Get PDFThis thesis encompasses three essays around criminal behaviour with the first one
analysing the impact of programmes aimed at poverty reduction, the second one
developing a theoretical model of hysteresis in crime, and the third one empirically
investigating the hysteresis hypothesis in crime rates. In the first chapter I investigate
the impact of conditional cash transfers (CCT) on crime rates by analysing the
Brazilian Bolsa Familia, the largest CCT programme in the world, in a panel data
between 2001 and 2008. The related existing economic literature analysing general
welfare programmes usually ignores the crucial endogeneity involved in the
relationship between crime rates and social welfare policies through poverty, since
poorer regions are focused in the distribution of resources. I use the existing temporal
heterogeneity in the implementation of the programme across the states to identify the
causal impact of CCT programmes on poverty and criminality. The guidelines of the
Brazilian programme established that the amount of resources available for each state
should be based on the poverty levels in the 2000 Census. However, due to reasons
unrelated to poverty levels and crime rates, some states were able to implement the
programme to a greater extent more quickly than others. States that reached the level
of cash transfer expenditures proposed by the guidelines of the programme more
promptly had a more significant reduction in poverty rates. Similar but less robust
results are found for crime rates as robbery, theft and kidnapping, while no significant
effects were found for homicide and murder, indicating a weak or non-existent
relationship between conditional cash transfers and crime. I also develop, to my
knowledge, the first theoretical model to explicitly account for hysteresis - a situation
where positive exogenous variations in the relevant economic variables have a
different effect from negative variations - in both criminal behaviour and crime rates
in order to fill the gap between the theoretical predictions and the empirical evidence
about the efficiency of policies in reducing crime rates. The majority of the
theoretical analyses predict a sharp decrease in crime rates when there are significant
improvements in the economic conditions or an increase in the probability of
punishment. However, the existing empirical studies have found lower than expected effects on crime rates from variations in variables related to those factors. One
important consequence of hysteresis is that the effect on an outcome variable from
positive exogenous variations in the determining variables has a different magnitude
from negative variations. For example, if hysteresis is present in the criminal
behaviour and part of the police force in a city are dismissed in a given year, resulting
in an escalation in crime, a reversal of the policy in the following year by readmitting
all sacked police officers in an attempt to restore the original crime levels will result
in lower crime rates, but higher than the original ones, yielding an asymmetric
relationship between police and crime. Hysteresis is considered in a simple
framework to model illicit behaviour. At the individual level, if criminal activity is
associated with intrinsic sunk costs and learning, then the cost of leaving a criminal
career is higher than entering it. At the aggregate level with homogeneous agents, this
is translated into a hysteresis effect that will only occur if a specific threshold is
surpassed. With heterogeneous agents, this phenomenon is reinforced generating a
hysteresis effect that exists for all possible values of the variable affecting the crime
decision. There are multiple equilibria at both levels. In the last chapter I empirically
investigate the existence of hysteresis in crime rates. To my knowledge, this is the
first empirical study to consider the existence of asymmetric effects on crime from
variations in the probability of punishment and in the opportunity cost of crime. More
specifically, I investigate whether positive variations on variables associated to those
factors, respectively police officers and average level of income, are statistically
different from negative variations. Using US crime data at the state level between
1977 and 2010, I find that police force size and real average income of unskilled
workers have asymmetric effects on most types of crimes. The absolute value of the
average impact of positive variations in those variables on property and violent crime
rates are statistically smaller than the absolute value of the average effect of negative
variations. These effects are robust under several specifications. A closer inspection
of the data reveals a relatively monotonic negative relationship between wages and
property crime rates, as well as negative variations in police and most crime rates.
However, the relationships between positive variations in law enforcement size and
most crime rates are non-linear. The magnitude of the observed asymmetries supports
the hypothesis of hysteresis in crime, and suggests that no theoretical or empirical
analysis would be complete without careful consideration of that important feature in
the relationships between crime, police and legal income. These results corroborate
the argument that policy makers should be more inclined to set pre-emptive policies
rather than mitigating measures
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
- …
