121,760 research outputs found
La privatizzazione degli istituti di pena: il caso Italia
No full textLa privatizzazione della pena è da tempo oggetto di sperimentazione sovranazionale che ha visto protagonisti soprattutto i
paesi di Common Law in un’altalenante valutazione della possibile positività degli effetti prodotti. Ad oggi sono numerosi i
Paesi che, a fronte di fallimenti riconducibili alla forte influenza delle dinamiche profit che regolano le funzioni svolte dai
partners privati, propongono un ritorno alla gestione statale dell’esecuzione penale.
A fronte dell’avvio della prima esperienza di privatizzazione in Italia, gli Autori, attraverso una lettura critica delle esperienze
internazionali, cercano di puntare l’attenzione sugli aspetti che, anche se delegati a terzi, potrebbero comunque garantire
l’esecuzione della pena detentiva secondo i principi fissati dalla normativa penitenziaria nazionale, consapevoli del fatto che
la cronica carenza di risorse per l’edilizia penitenziaria potrebbe cogliere come positivo l’afflusso di capitali provenienti dal
settore privato
In the shadow: elderly people in prison
No full textSet within the background of Italy’s penal system this contribution provides a critical introduction to the international debates associated with the increasing incarceration of elderly offenders. At European level there are not comparable data as the definition of ‘older prisoner’ is inevitably arbitrary: European countries afford a different cut off point for a prisoner to be legally defined as older inmate. Notwithstanding this the Council of Europe has revealed that Italy has the largest elderly prison population followed by England Spain and Germany. At the root of the proliferation in elderly prisoners are increasingly harsh criminal justice policies. Furthermore data extrapolated by deconstructing sentencing research evidence that actors in the criminal justice system discriminate against elderly people by not considering their specific social and health care needs. The concluding section of this paper claims that the burden of age with the collateral consequences of incarceration can be reversed with appropriate resources. The proposal here is for a human rights framework to the laws policies and practices relating to aging and seriously ill people in prison. Such framework can provide assessment guidelines for developing or evaluating existing public health and criminal justice laws such as compassionate and geriatric release laws
A Multi-Language Comparison of Influences on Author Verification using Character N-Grams
No full textWe create a new multi-language corpus for author verification based on Wikipedia talkpages, and evaluate the influence that differences in topic and time have on character n-gram author profiles. Topic alignment between two texts is found to increase author verification precision, and an authors writing style is found to change over time, but not more significantly after 3 years than after 1 year.Information ArchitectureWISElectrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Scienc
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The vanishing author in computer-generated works: a critical analysis of recent Australian case law
No full textAbstract
The use of software is ubiquitous in the creation of many copyright works, yet the requirement in copyright law that every work have a human author who engages in independent intellectual effort means that its use may prevent copyright subsistence. Several recent Australian cases have refocused attention on authorship as an essential criterion of copyright subsistence, and these cases suggest that much computer-produced output may be authorless and thus lack copyright protection. This article, the first in a two-part series, analyses how each case deals with the question of authorship of computer-produced works and why the use of software diminishes copyright protection for a significant number of computer-generated works. The article critiques the application of conventional notions of human authorship developed in the pre-computer age to modern productions and suggests alternative approaches to authorship that satisfy both the major objectives of copyright policy and the need to adapt to the computer age. The article argues that, without a broader judicial approach to authorship of computer-generated works, Parliament must remedy the lacuna in protection for these ‘authorless’ works. Possible solutions for reform are suggested. In a forthcoming article, the author comprehensively examines those reform proposals
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