1,721,069 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Glycannes fongiques circulant dans le sérum des patients de réanimation. Analyse de l’intérêt clinique et développement de méthodes physico-chimiques de détection/caractérisation
No full textThe rapidity of the diagnosis of candidaemia and invasive candidiasis (IC) is crucial to allow the early introduction of antigungal therapy. This one is often delayed because Candida yeasts are found in blood culture, the gold standard diagnostic test, in only 50% of cases of IC and several days are needed to have this result. Complementary methods relie on the detection of Candida cell wall polysaccharids in the serum, β-glucans (BDG) and mannans (Man). Our objectives were to : a) determine the signification and clinical interest of the detection of BDG and Man in intensive care b) take part in the analysis of the interest of a mass spectrometry (MS) technic in development which aim to detect/caracterize circulant fongic glycans. Materials and Methods : a) For the clinical case-control study, the BDG and Man kinetics in relation with candidaemia were evaluated in 41 candidemic patients, and were compared to the kinetic observed in 67 non candidemic patients, hospitalised in the same ward and assessed weekly for yeast colonisation b) a MALDI-MS method was applied to sera after selective extraction of glycans and compared to standards. Results : BDG at the recommanded cut-off is a sensitive and precoce but non specific test for the diagnosis of candidemia in ICU. It does not seem to be affected by the colonisation, but its very slow decrease limits its usefulness for the management of the treatment. At the opposite, Man is very specific but not sensitive. Modulating the cut-off of BDG, it is possible to propose a decisional algorithm for preemptive therapy based on the sequential use of BDG and Man. b) MALDI-MS reveals a signal at position m/z 365, corresponding to a disaccharid (among which is trehalose), associated to human and experimental IC. In preliminary studies this test seems to have good sensitiity and specificity for the diagnosis of IC as well as for other fungal infections. Conclusion : a) BDG is a sensitive test, Man is a specific one, and their joint use could be useful for an early diagnosis of IC and a rationalization of the antifungal treatment. b) The application of MALDI-MS method to the detection/caracterisation of circulating glycans seems to present an important potential to replace or complete the current available diagnostic tools of IC.La rapidité du diagnostic de candidémie et de candidose invasive (CI) est cruciale pour permettre l'introduction précoce des antifongiques. Cette dernière est souvent retardée car l’ hémoculture, test diagnostique de référence, n’est positive que dans 50% des cas avec un délai de plusieurs jours. Des méthodes complémentaires consistent en la détection sérique de polysaccharides de la paroi des Candida : les β-glucanes (BDG) et les mannanes (Man). Nos objectifs étaient de : a) évaluer la signification et l’intérêt clinique de la détection des BDG et des Man en réanimation b) de participer à l’analyse de l’intérêt d’une méthode de spectrometrie de masse (MS) en développement visant à détecter /caractériser des glycannes fongiques circulants. Matériels et Méthodes : a) Pour l'étude clinique cas-contrôles, la cinétique des BDG/Man par rapport à la candidémie a été évaluée chez 41 patients candidémiques et a été comparée à celle relevée chez 67 patients non candidémiques, hospitalisés dans le même service et chez qui la colonisation était déterminée toutes les semaines. b) une méthode de type MALDI-MS a été appliquée à des sérums après extraction sélective des glycannes et comparée à des standards. Resultats : au seuil recommandé le BDG est un biomarqueur sensible, précoce, mais peu spécifique pour le diagnostic de candidémie en réanimation. Il ne semble pas affecté par la colonisation mais sa décroissance lente le rend peu utile pour le suivi du traitement. A l'opposé, le Man est un biomarqueur très spécifique mais peu sensible. En changeant les seuils du BDG, son utilisation séquentielle avec le Man permet de proposer un algorithme dans le cadre d'une stratégie thérapeutique préemptive. b) La méthode MALDI-MS permet de révéler un signal m/z 365 correspondant à un disaccharide (dont le tréhalose) associé aux CI humaines et expérimentales. Des études préliminaires montrent que ce test semble avoir une bonne sensibilité et une bonne spécificité pour le diagnostic de CI ainsi que pour d’autres infections fongiques. Conclusion : a) Le BDG est un marqueur sensible, le Man est une marqueur spécifique, leur utilisation conjointe peut permettre un diagnostic précoce des CI et une rationnalisation du traitement antifongique. b) L'application de la méthode MALDI-MS à la détection/caractérisation des glycannes circulant semble présenter un important potentiel pour se substituer ou complémenter les méthodes diagnostiques actuelles de CI
Circulating fungal glycans in the serum of intensive care unit patients. Analysis of clinical interest and development of physico-chemical methods of detection/characterisation
No full textLa rapidité du diagnostic de candidémie et de candidose invasive (CI) est cruciale pour permettre l'introduction précoce des antifongiques. Cette dernière est souvent retardée car l’ hémoculture, test diagnostique de référence, n’est positive que dans 50% des cas avec un délai de plusieurs jours. Des méthodes complémentaires consistent en la détection sérique de polysaccharides de la paroi des Candida : les β-glucanes (BDG) et les mannanes (Man). Nos objectifs étaient de : a) évaluer la signification et l’intérêt clinique de la détection des BDG et des Man en réanimation b) de participer à l’analyse de l’intérêt d’une méthode de spectrometrie de masse (MS) en développement visant à détecter /caractériser des glycannes fongiques circulants. Matériels et Méthodes : a) Pour l'étude clinique cas-contrôles, la cinétique des BDG/Man par rapport à la candidémie a été évaluée chez 41 patients candidémiques et a été comparée à celle relevée chez 67 patients non candidémiques, hospitalisés dans le même service et chez qui la colonisation était déterminée toutes les semaines. b) une méthode de type MALDI-MS a été appliquée à des sérums après extraction sélective des glycannes et comparée à des standards. Resultats : au seuil recommandé le BDG est un biomarqueur sensible, précoce, mais peu spécifique pour le diagnostic de candidémie en réanimation. Il ne semble pas affecté par la colonisation mais sa décroissance lente le rend peu utile pour le suivi du traitement. A l'opposé, le Man est un biomarqueur très spécifique mais peu sensible. En changeant les seuils du BDG, son utilisation séquentielle avec le Man permet de proposer un algorithme dans le cadre d'une stratégie thérapeutique préemptive. b) La méthode MALDI-MS permet de révéler un signal m/z 365 correspondant à un disaccharide (dont le tréhalose) associé aux CI humaines et expérimentales. Des études préliminaires montrent que ce test semble avoir une bonne sensibilité et une bonne spécificité pour le diagnostic de CI ainsi que pour d’autres infections fongiques. Conclusion : a) Le BDG est un marqueur sensible, le Man est une marqueur spécifique, leur utilisation conjointe peut permettre un diagnostic précoce des CI et une rationnalisation du traitement antifongique. b) L'application de la méthode MALDI-MS à la détection/caractérisation des glycannes circulant semble présenter un important potentiel pour se substituer ou complémenter les méthodes diagnostiques actuelles de CI.The rapidity of the diagnosis of candidaemia and invasive candidiasis (IC) is crucial to allow the early introduction of antigungal therapy. This one is often delayed because Candida yeasts are found in blood culture, the gold standard diagnostic test, in only 50% of cases of IC and several days are needed to have this result. Complementary methods relie on the detection of Candida cell wall polysaccharids in the serum, β-glucans (BDG) and mannans (Man). Our objectives were to : a) determine the signification and clinical interest of the detection of BDG and Man in intensive care b) take part in the analysis of the interest of a mass spectrometry (MS) technic in development which aim to detect/caracterize circulant fongic glycans. Materials and Methods : a) For the clinical case-control study, the BDG and Man kinetics in relation with candidaemia were evaluated in 41 candidemic patients, and were compared to the kinetic observed in 67 non candidemic patients, hospitalised in the same ward and assessed weekly for yeast colonisation b) a MALDI-MS method was applied to sera after selective extraction of glycans and compared to standards. Results : BDG at the recommanded cut-off is a sensitive and precoce but non specific test for the diagnosis of candidemia in ICU. It does not seem to be affected by the colonisation, but its very slow decrease limits its usefulness for the management of the treatment. At the opposite, Man is very specific but not sensitive. Modulating the cut-off of BDG, it is possible to propose a decisional algorithm for preemptive therapy based on the sequential use of BDG and Man. b) MALDI-MS reveals a signal at position m/z 365, corresponding to a disaccharid (among which is trehalose), associated to human and experimental IC. In preliminary studies this test seems to have good sensitiity and specificity for the diagnosis of IC as well as for other fungal infections. Conclusion : a) BDG is a sensitive test, Man is a specific one, and their joint use could be useful for an early diagnosis of IC and a rationalization of the antifungal treatment. b) The application of MALDI-MS method to the detection/caracterisation of circulating glycans seems to present an important potential to replace or complete the current available diagnostic tools of IC
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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