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Advancing enabling technology and genome editing in monocot crops for disease resistance and sustainability
Get PDFIt is projected that by the year 2050, global agriculture will need to increase the output of staple crops by 60% to feed the world’s rapidly growing population amidst threats posed by climate change and crop disease. One strategy to meet this challenge is to develop new genetic diversity in the germplasm to generate robust and resilient lines with beneficial traits. Conventional breeding has played an essential and major role in crop trait improvement. However, those methods can be difficult, laborious, and time-consuming. The development of effective technology for precision and time-saving plant breeding is required. A breakthrough tool to this end has been CRISPR-Cas9. Noteworthy for its simple sequence-specific programmability, the gene editing system has unleashed remarkable potential for plant biotechnology and functional genomics. Here, we explore several aspects and parameters to advance Cas9-mediated gene editing technology in the essential monocot food crops: rice and wheat. Early-stage plant gene-editing projects benefit greatly from a rapid transient pipeline using protoplasts to evaluate the efficacy of gene editing reagents. We describe here a novel and sustainable method for protoplast isolation from rice tissue and demonstrate their use in ribonucleoprotein (RNP) based Cas9 gene editing assays. Next, we focus on applications of Cas9 technology in wheat to engineer disease resistance. Wheat is a critical target organism because the complexity of its large allohexaploid genome has rendered genetic manipulation by classic methods extremely difficult. Using DNA plasmids encoding CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing reagents, we optimize conditions and demonstrate that all three homoeologous copies of genes in allohexaploid wheat can be simultaneously edited within a single generation. We recognize, however, that DNA plasmid gene editing approaches have a number of limitations including random integration into the plant genome and unpredictability of expression. To address this, we finally present significant improvements to DNA-free Cas9-RNP based gene editing in wheat. We show that increased temperature treatment greatly enhances Cas9-mediated editing efficiency and regenerate transgene-free edited wheat plants at a high rate. Lastly, we utilize this DNA-free gene editing method to generate de novo partial resistance to the agronomically important pathogen Parastagonospora nodorum
Advancing enabling technology and genome editing in monocot crops for disease resistance and sustainability
No full text
Advancing enabling technology and genome editing in monocot crops for disease resistance and sustainability
No full textGoing Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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