323,808 research outputs found
Efficiency of Joint Enterprises with Internal Bargaining
No full textWe take a close look at those strategic incentives arising in a situation where firms share the costs and profits in a multi-firm project, and bargain for their respective (precommitted) split of cost- and profit-shares. We establish that, when each firm's effort contribution to the joint undertaking is mutually observable (which is often the case in closely collaborative operations) and hence can form basis of the contingent cost- and profit-sharing scheme, it is not the gross economic efficiency but the super-/sub-additivity of the nett returns from effort that directly affects the sustainability of a profile of firms' effort contributions. The (in)efficiency result we obtain in this paper is of different nature from so-called "free riding" or "team competition" problems : the set of sustainable outcomes with bargaining over precommetted cost- and profit-shares is generally neither a superset nor a subset of the sustainable set without bargaining
Charter Companies/Prazos
No full textThe origins of the Prazos da Coroa traced in the powerful position reached by individual Portuguese within the African society of the lower Zambesi valley in the central regions of modern Mozambique in the sixteenth century. The transformations of the seventeenth century, when the Crown relied increasingly on these families and on their private armies for its objective of establishing an effective colonial regime in the area. The last quarter of the nineteenth century, when the prazo system, which had survived for centuries, was radically transformed by the new economic forces brought into the region by the international commerce and by the South African mining revolution, and by the consequences of the principle of effective occupation stated in the Berlin Conference
Diffusive author(s), cohesive author: Analysis of S/N (1994)
No full textThis study indicates the ways in which various aspects of the author(s) are brought forth in Dumb type’s performance art, the S/N production. Previous research has suggested a non-hierarchical organization of Dumb type and the absence of a “privileged author” in Dumb type’s collaborative work, S/N. However, the results that I have investigated from member’s interviews on the creative process of S/N along with my analysis of the recorded images of S/N, indicate a different aspect of the author(s). First, S/N was created through, so to speak, the collective ideas of the members of Dumb type. Further, S/N has at least nine quotations from previous performances, installations, and printed writings, besides the work-in-progress technique. Explicating one of the “author functions” as given by Michel Foucault, each text has plural subjects of the author. However, it has been revealed from members’ interviews that Teiji Furuhashi had a decision-making role in selecting the members’ ideas within the performance. Since then, S/N has had plural subjects of creation; however, Furuhashi is one of the subjects of creation along with the “privileged author.” S/N has plural authors (diffusive authors) yet at the same time, it has a “privileged author,” Teiji Furuhashi (cohesive author)
Poddar, Prem; Patke, Rajeev S.; Jensen, Lars (orgs.), A Historical Companion to Postcolonial Literatures. Continental Europe and Its Empires.
Get PDFO volume em apreço vem na sequência de uma colectânea anterior, A Historical Companion to Postcolonial Literatures in English, da responsabilidade de Prem Poddar e David Johnson, publicada em 2005 também pela Edinburgh University Press. Trata‑se, neste segundo volume, da abordagem da história colonial da “Europa continental” e da análise dos contextos pós-coloniais dela decorrentes. São, assim, oferecidos capítulos sobre a Bélgica, a Dinamarca, a França, a Alemanha, a Itália, os Países Baixos..
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Anthropology and Ethnology
No full textLa voce ripercorre sinteticamente l’evoluzione del pensiero antropologico italiano mostrando come, agli albori della disciplina, sul suolo coloniale diverse figure di amministratori e funzionari militari e civili si improvvisassero etnografi, spesso per motivi di curiosità personale oltre che per esigenze di controllo amministrativo. E come, con l’avvento del fascismo, gli studi accademici si focalizzino piuttosto sugli aspetti fisici, biologici e razziali delle popolazioni studiate
Electrorheology of a dilute emulsion of surfactant-covered drops
No full textWe investigate the effects of surfactant coating on a deformable viscous drop under the combined action of shear flow and a uniform electric field. Employing a comprehensive three-dimensional approach, we analyse the non-Newtonian shearing response of the bulk emulsion in the dilute suspension regime. Our results reveal that the location of the peak surfactant accumulation on the drop surface may get shifted from the plane of shear to a plane orthogonal to it, depending on the tilt angle of the applied electric field and strength of the electrical stresses relative to their hydrodynamic counterparts. The surfactant non-uniformity creates significant alterations in the flow perturbation around the drop, triggering modulations in the bulk shear viscosity. Overall, the shear-thinning or shear-thickening behaviour of the emulsion appears to be greatly influenced by the interplay of surface charge convection and Marangoni stresses. We show that the balance between electrical and hydrodynamic stresses renders a vanishing surface tension gradient on the drop surface for some specific shear rates, rendering negligible alterations in the bulk viscosity. This critical condition largely depends on the electrical permittivity and conductivity ratios of the two fluids and orientation of the applied electric field. Also, the physical mechanisms of charge convection and surface deformation play their roles in determining this critical shear rate. As a consequence, we obtain new discriminating factors, involving electrical property ratios and the electric field configuration, which govern the same. Consequently, the surfactant-induced enhancement or attenuation of the bulk emulsion viscosity depends on the electrical conductivity and permittivity ratios. The concerned description of the drop-level flow physics and its connection to the bulk rheology of a dilute emulsion may provide a fundamental understanding of a more complex emulsion system encountered in industrial practice
- …
