1,721,143 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Human Factors and Ergonomics in Neonatal Resuscitation
Get PDFApproximately 10% of infants will require resuscitation at birth. Resuscitations are performed by nurses, physicians, midwives, and other Health Care Providers (HCPs), and include tasks such as vital signs monitoring and mask ventilation. Rarely, more advanced skills such as endotracheal intubation and chest compressions are needed. Programs such as Neonatal Resuscitation Program (NRP) provides standardized education and algorithms for health care providers (HCPs), outlining the equipment required, the sequence of tasks, and the decision-making process. However, despite education, experience, and algorithms, neonatal resuscitation remains a stressful endeavour prone to human error. Human factors and ergonomics is the study of human-system interactions and may reveal non-technical contributions to human performance. In this thesis, the effect of human factors on the performance of neonatal resuscitation was examined in a number of observational and simulation studies.
First, a review of the literature supports the hypothesis that neonatal resuscitation is affected by physical ergonomics (physical forces, equipment, resuscitation room), cognitive ergonomics (perception, situation awareness, decision-making, training), and organization ergonomics (teamwork, communication). Neonatal resuscitation is further affected by societal, cultural, and legal factors.
Second, in a randomized crossover simulation study involving 30 health care providers, I demonstrated that ergonomic equipment organization improved time to completion of a neonatal resuscitation simulation via faster equipment acquisition speed (176±21.6s using an ergonomic equipment box vs. 192.6±20.2s using a standard equipment bag, p<0.0001).
Third, in a pilot observational study, we obtained six eye-tracking recordings in the delivery room, and demonstrated that mobile eye-tracking glasses can be used to examine the visual attention of health care providers performing neonatal resuscitations. Analysis revealed that, during neonatal resuscitation, health care providers have frequent shifts in gaze (saccades, 0.5 per sec) and divided their visual attention between the infant (35%, IQR=8%) and vital signs monitors (33%, IQR=10%).
Fourth, in a randomized simulation study, we used an objective situation awareness measure (Situation Awareness Global Assessment Tool, SAGAT), eye-tracking, and a standardized resuscitation checklist to compare the performance of 30 health care providers when leading a neonatal resuscitation using one of two different vital signs monitor positions. We demonstrated that SAGAT could be adapted for use to evaluate human performance during neonatal resuscitation. However, we did not demonstrate any difference in visual attention, SAGAT scores, or checklist scores between the central or peripheral monitor positions.
Finally, in an observational study of 24 endotracheal intubations in the neonatal intensive care unit, we used eye-tracking glasses to capture the visual attention of intubators and to study verbal communication between team members. Visual attention during intubations differs from visual attention during neonatal resuscitation in the delivery room; during intubations, more visual attention was directed at the infant (median 50%, IQR 39-61%), but saccades were similar. Team communication of both verbal medication orders and vital signs revealed the use of non-standard and potentially ambiguous language.
Using observations in the clinical environment, mobile eye-tracking glasses, and high-fidelity simulation, we examined physical, cognitive, and organizational ergonomic factors during neonatal resuscitations. Better understanding of these non-technical factors might improve resuscitation of newborns, and ultimately improve neonatal outcomes
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Translating animal research from the laboratory to the neonatal clinical arena requires great caution
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