1,725,001 research outputs found
A Companion to Plutarch
No full textA Companion to Plutarch offers a broad survey of the famous historian and biographer; a coherent, comprehensive, and elegant presentation of Plutarch's thought and influence Constitutes the first survey of its kind, a unified and accessible guide that offers a comprehensive discussion of all major aspects of Plutarch's oeuvre Provides essential background information on Plutarch's world, including his own circle of influential friends (Greek and Roman), his travels, his political activity, and his relations with Trajan and other emperors Offers contextualizing background, the literary and cultural details that shed light on some of the fundamental aspects of Plutarch's thought Surveys the ideologically crucial reception of the Greek Classical Period in Plutarch's writings Follows the currents of recent serious scholarship, discussing perennial interests, and delving into topics and works not formerly given serious attention.Intro -- A Companion to Plutarch -- Copyright -- Contents -- Notes on Contributors -- Acknowledgments -- Note on the Translations and Abbreviations -- Introduction: Plutarch in Greece -- 1. Plutarch's Early Life -- 2. History and Topographies of Memory -- 3. Erga and Aesthetics -- 4. Characterization, Individuality, and the Condensation of Knowledge -- 5. Plutarch in Chaeronea -- 6. The Contents and Scope of this Volume -- Notes -- References -- Part I Plutarch in Context -- 1 Plutarch and Rome -- 1. A Greek in a Roman World -- 2. Visiting Rome: The Immersion Experience -- 3. Roman Friends -- 4. Evaluating Emperors, Past and Present -- 5. Delphi and Rome -- 6. Plutarch's View of Rome in the Parallel Lives -- 7. Living Under Roman Rule -- 2 Plutarch and the Second Sophistic -- 3 The Role of Philosophy and Philosophers in the Imperial Period -- 1. The Scope of Philosophia -- 2. Public and Social Profile -- 3. Encountering Philosophy -- 4. A Call to Personal Commitment -- 5. Choice and Division -- 6. Professional Output and Forms of Communication -- 7. Integration and Ambivalence -- Part II Plutarch's Moralia -- 4 Plutarch and Platonism -- 1. Ethics -- 2. Physics -- 3. Logic -- 4. Conclusion -- 5 Plutarch, Aristotle, and the Peripatetics -- 1. Philosophical Paideia -- 2. The Human Soul -- 3. Reason -- 4. Passion -- 5. Morality (Ēthos) -- 6. Wisdom (Phronēsis) -- 7. Theoretical and Ethical Virtues -- 8. Virtue: The Mesotēs of the Passions -- 9. Freedom from Pain or Grief (Alypia) -- 10. Impassiveness (Apatheia) -- 11. Freedom and Responsibility -- 12. Happiness -- 6 Plutarch and the Stoics -- 1. Theology, Providence, and Evil -- 2. Determinism and Moral Responsibility -- 3. The Soul -- 4. Moral Psychology -- 5. Polemics -- 6. Caution and the Quest for Truth -- 7 Plutarch and Epicureanism -- 1. Introduction: The Epicureans in Plutarch's Work2. Epicureanism in Plutarch's World: Survival and Hostility -- 3. Plutarch's Platonism vs. Epicureanism -- 4. Plutarch against Epicurean Materialism, Empiricism, and Pleasure -- 5. Conclusion -- 8 Plutarch and the Skeptics -- 1. Plutarch on the Difference between the Academics and the Pyrrhonists -- 2. Plutarch and Knowledge of the Sensory World -- 3. Plutarch and Knowledge of the Intelligible and Divine World -- 4. Platonism and Skepticism -- 9 Practical Ethics -- 1. Foundational Research -- 2. The Scope of the Practical Ethics -- 3. Characteristics of Plutarch's Practical Ethics -- 4. Conclusions and Outlook -- 10 Political Philosophy -- 11 Religion and Myth -- 1. Religion -- 2. Myth -- 12 Poetry and Education -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Evidence of Quotation -- 3. How a Young Man Should Listen to Poetry10 -- 4. Plutarch's Principles Applied -- 5. Conclusions -- 13 Love and Marriage -- 1. Introduction and Considerations -- 2. A Philosophy of Eros: Physical, Spiritual, Conjugal, and Political Eros -- 3. The Religious, Spiritual, and Eschatological Nature of Eros -- 4. Conjugal Eros: Women's Capability in Achieving Eros, and its Viability in Marriage -- 5. Political Eros: Appropriate and Inappropriate Relationships for Free Citizens (Both Male and Female) -- 14 The Sympotic Works -- 1. The Philosopher's Dinner Party: Plutarch's Table Talk -- 2. A Socratic Start -- 3. The Muses of Book 9 -- 4. Wise Men at Dinner -- 15 Animals in Plutarch -- 1. Plutarch's Writings on Animals: Characteristics and Challenges -- 2. Ancient Perceptions of Animals -- 3. Plutarch on Rationality in Animals -- 4. Plutarch on Animals: Appraisal and Survival -- 16 Plutarch the Antiquarian -- 1. What is an Antiquarian? Ancients and Moderns -- 2. Plutarch's Antiquarian Erudition -- 3. The Birth of a Greco-Roman Classicism -- 4. An Antiquarian Past for the PresentPar III Plutarch's Biographical Projects -- 17 The Lives of the Caesars -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Date -- 3. The Sources -- 4. The Parallel Tradition -- 5. The Caesars: A Different Kind of Biography? -- 6. Emphases -- 18 Plutarch's Galba and Otho -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Bad Leadership and Military Misconduct in Galba's Reign -- 3. More Bad Leadership and Military Misbehavior: The Reign of Otho -- 4. Conclusion -- 19 The Aratus and the Artaxerxes -- 20 The Project of the Parallel Lives: Plutarch's Conception of Biograpghy -- 21 Kratein onomatôn: Language and Value in Plutarch -- 22 Compositional Methods in the Lives -- 1. "Compositional Methods" and Classical Hermeneutics -- 2. General Design and Architecture: Unity, Contrast, Comparison -- 3. The Biographies: Building Blocks and Structure -- 4. Manipulating Sources -- 23 The Prologues -- 1. Prologues, Books, and Lives -- 2. The Function and Structure of Prologues -- 3. The Structure of the Prologues: Examples -- 4. Variation: Naming One Subject before the Other -- 5. Alexander-Caesar and Nicias-Crassus -- 6. "Me," "Us," and "Them" -- 7. Closure -- 8. Books Without Prologues -- 24 Morality, Characterization, and Individuality -- 1. Some Theoretical Background -- 2. The Moral Purpose of the Lives -- 3. The Nature of Plutarch's Moralism -- 4. Moralism Through Characterization -- 5. Moralism and Individuality -- 6. Conclusions -- 25 Childhood and Youth -- 1. Introduction: Terms Used to Designate Children and Youths -- 2. Methodology -- 3. The Physical Portrait -- 4. The Psychological Portrait -- 5. Final Observations -- 26 Death and Other Kinds of Closure -- 1. Demosthenes-Cicero -- 2. Cimon-Lucullus -- 3. Nicias-Crassus -- 27 The Synkrisis -- 28 The Use of Historical Sources -- 1. The Parallel Lives by Plutarch: A Historiographical Project?2. Plutarch's Historical Sources: The Greek Lives and the Roman Lives -- 3. Plutarch's Knowledge of Latin -- 4. Plutarchan Interpretation and the Adaptation of Plutarchan Sources -- 5. Method of Selection and Use of Historical Sources -- 6. Athens and Sparta: Historiographical Choices and Historical Interpretation -- 7. Contemporary History: A Comparison of Plutarch and Tacitus -- 29 Tragedy and the Hero -- 30 The Philosopher-King -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Conflict between Philosophy and Politics -- 3. Politics: A Twofold Teaching -- 4. Philosophy: The Internal Speech -- 5. Conclusion -- 31 The Socratic Paradigm -- 1. Introduction: Socrates as the Paradigm -- 2. Socrates and the Failure of Alcibiades -- 3. Contrasting Catos and the Socratic Paradigm -- 4. The Censor -- 5. The Younger Cato -- 6. The Censor as the Intellectual Precursor of Stoicism -- 7. Women and Marriage in the Life of Cato the Younger -- 8. Conclusion -- 32 Fate and Fortune -- 33 The Perils of Ambition -- 1. The Vocabulary of Ambition: Honorific Inscriptions and Political Morality -- 2. Plutarch's Philosophical Analyses: Personal Morality and Individual Psychology -- 3. Ambition in Greek Culture: Sparta, Athens, and the Hellenistic Period -- 4. The Theme of Ambition in Roman History: The Conquest of Greece and the Civil Wars -- 5. Exemplars of Ambition: Alexander and Caesar as "Great Natures" -- 34 Sex, Eroticism, and Politics -- 1. Eroticism, Politics, and Self-Control -- 2. The Politics of Eros in the Agesilaus-Pompey -- 35 Philanthropy, Dignity, and Euergetism -- 1. Luce Clariora: Clear-Cut Distinctions and Definite Ideals -- 2. Historia Magistra Vitae: The Lives -- Panem et Circenses: The Importance of Money in Politics -- Aurea Mediocritas: Toward an Ideal Equilibrium -- 3. Conclusion -- Part IV The Reception of Plutarch36 The Reception of Plutarch from Antiquity to the Italian Renaissance -- 1. The Roman Empire and Early Byzantine Period -- 2. Medieval Byzantium -- 3. The Latin West -- 4. Early Humanism -- 5. Fifteenth-Century Italian Humanism and the "Plutarchan Age" -- 6. Ideology and Patronage -- 37 The Renaissance in France -- 1. The First Translations and Editions of Plutarch's Works (Fifteenth-Sixteenth Centuries) -- 2. Amyot's Plutarch and His Readership -- 38 The Reception of Plutarch in France after the Renaissance -- 1. From Classicism to the Enlightenment -- 2. Plutarch in the Eighteenth Century: Civic Duty, Aesthetic Sensibility, and Revolutionary Fervor -- 3. Plutarch's Fading Influence: From the Restoration to World War I -- 4. A Renewed Interest in Biography -- 39 The Reception of Plutarch in Spain -- 1. The Discovery of Plutarch in Spain -- 2. Translations of Plutarch's Works into Spanish from 1500 to 2010 -- 3. Plutarch in Spanish Universities and in Public and Private Libraries -- 4. Philological Approaches to Plutarch in Spain -- 5. Plutarch and Spanish Educational Writings -- 6. Plutarch's Presence in Emblem Collections -- 7. Plutarch's Influence on Moral and Philosophical Writings and Essays -- 8. Plutarch and Spanish Biography -- 9. Plutarch on the Spanish Stage -- 10. Plutarch's Adventures in the Spanish Novel -- 11. Plutarch and Spanish Poetry -- 40 Shakespeare -- 41 The Post-Renaissance Reception of Plutarch in England -- 42 Plutarch and the Early American Republic -- IndexA Companion to Plutarch offers a broad survey of the famous historian and biographer; a coherent, comprehensive, and elegant presentation of Plutarch's thought and influence Constitutes the first survey of its kind, a unified and accessible guide that offers a comprehensive discussion of all major aspects of Plutarch's oeuvre Provides essential background information on Plutarch's world, including his own circle of influential friends (Greek and Roman), his travels, his political activity, and his relations with Trajan and other emperors Offers contextualizing background, the literary and cultural details that shed light on some of the fundamental aspects of Plutarch's thought Surveys the ideologically crucial reception of the Greek Classical Period in Plutarch's writings Follows the currents of recent serious scholarship, discussing perennial interests, and delving into topics and works not formerly given serious attention.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
Ausgewählte Biographieen des Plutarch /
No full textIncludes indexes.Text in Greek, explanatory notes in German.1. Bd. Philopoemen und Titus Quinctius Flamininus / von Otto Siefert. 2. Aufl. besorgt von Friedrich Blass -- 2. Bd. Timoleon und Pyrrhos / von Otto Siefert. 2. Aufl. besorgt von Friedrich Blass -- 3. Bd. Themistokles und Perikles / von Friedrich Blass. 2. Verbess. Aufl. -- 4. Bd. Aristides und Cato / von Friedrich Blass -- 5. Bd. Agis und Kleomenes / von Friedrich Blass -- 6. Bd. Tiberius und Gaius Gracchus / von Friedrich Blass.Mode of access: Internet
Plutarch in the Religious and Philosophical Discourse of Late Antiquity
No full textEither as insider or as sensitive observer, Plutarch provides us with exceptional evidence to reconstruct the spiritual and intellectual atmosphere of the first centuries CE. This collection of articles sheds important light on the religious and philosophical discourse of Late Antiquity.Intro -- Plutarch in the Religious and Philosophical Discourse of Late Antiquity -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Abbreviations -- List of Contributors -- Introduction: Plutarch at the Crossroads of Religion and Philosophy -- I: PLUTARCH AND PHILOSOPHY -- Plutarch on the Sleeping Soul and the Waking Intellect and Aristotle's Double Entelechy Concept -- The Doctrine of the Passions: Plutarch, Posidonius and Galen -- The Adventitious Motion of the Soul (Plut., De Stoic. repugn. 23, 1045B-F) and the Controversy between Aristo of Chios and the Middle Academy -- Plutarch and "Pagan Monotheism -- Socrates and Alcibiades: A Notorious σχάυδαλου in the Later Platonist Tradition -- Salt in the Holy Water: Plutarch's Quaestiones Naturales in Michael Psellus' De omnifaria doctrina -- II: PLUTARCH AND RELIGION -- Iacchus in Plutarch -- Plutarch's Idea of God in the Religious and Philosophical Context of Late Antiquity -- Plutarch as Apollo's Priest at Delphi -- Plutarch's Attitude towards Astral Biology -- Cicalata sul fascino volgarmente detto jettatura": Plutarch, quaestio convivalis 5.7 -- The Eleusinian Mysteries and Political Timing in the Life of Alcibiades -- Mυτηριώδης θεολοΥία: Plutarch's fr. 157 Sandbach between Cultual Traditions and Philosophical Models -- A Non-Fideistic Interpretation of πίστις in Plutarch's Writings: The Harmony Between πίστις and Knowledge -- The Colors of the Souls -- Bibliography -- Index Locorum -- Index Rerum -- Index NominumEither as insider or as sensitive observer, Plutarch provides us with exceptional evidence to reconstruct the spiritual and intellectual atmosphere of the first centuries CE. This collection of articles sheds important light on the religious and philosophical discourse of Late Antiquity.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
Plutarch in the middle of a conflict between Epictetus and Favorinus
No full textAccording to a reference by Galen in his work On the Best Method of Teaching we can infer that at some point in the course of the second century AD, the name of Plutarch became entangled in a polemic, pitting the philosopher Favorinus of Arles against the Stoic teacher Epictetus. According to Galen, Favorinus defended the Academic practice of exchanging arguments over an issue from two opposing sides as the best teaching method in three different texts he wrote: a treatise On the Academic Disposition, also called Plutarch, a dialogue entitled Against Epictetus, in which a certain Onesimus, a slave of Plutarch, was supposed to exchange arguments with the Stoic philosopher, and a further book bearing the title Alcibiades. It comes as a surprise that Favorinus is said to have referred both to Plutarch and Epictetus within this context, since Plutarch never mentions Epictetus in his writings. Nevertheless, research in Arrian’s Discourses of Epictetus has already indicated passages which make it quite plausible that Plutarch possibly stood behind the method that Favorinus defends. What is still lacking is more stable evidence from Plutarch’s own texts. My aim in this paper is to fill in this gap by drawing attention to a further text written by Plutarch, the dialogue On the Cleverness of Animals, which might deepen our understanding of this matter.According to a reference by Galen in his work On the Best Method of Teaching we can infer that at some point in the course of the second century AD, the name of Plutarch became entangled in a polemic, pitting the philosopher Favorinus of Arles against the Stoic teacher Epictetus. According to Galen, Favorinus defended the Academic practice of exchanging arguments over an issue from two opposing sides as the best teaching method in three different texts he wrote: a treatise On the Academic Disposition, also called Plutarch, a dialogue entitled Against Epictetus, in which a certain Onesimus, a slave of Plutarch, was supposed to exchange arguments with the Stoic philosopher, and a further book bearing the title Alcibiades. It comes as a surprise that Favorinus is said to have referred both to Plutarch and Epictetus within this context, since Plutarch never mentions Epictetus in his writings. Nevertheless, research in Arrian’s Discourses of Epictetus has already indicated passages which make it quite plausible that Plutarch possibly stood behind the method that Favorinus defends. What is still lacking is more stable evidence from Plutarch’s own texts. My aim in this paper is to fill in this gap by drawing attention to a further text written by Plutarch, the dialogue On the Cleverness of Animals, which might deepen our understanding of this matter.B
The treatise De liberis educandis attributed to Plutarch
Full text linkThe Greek treatise De liberis educandis has been preserved as part of the corpus of Plutarch's Moralia, but is not now generally believed to be the work of Plutarch. It is however of interest as the only complete ancient Greek work on the education of children which has survived.
By far the greater part of the present thesis consists of a line-by-line commentary on the Greek text designed to provide the reader with assistance of all kinds relevant to understanding the work in its ancient context. The commentary is preceded, however, by a brief introduction containing a synopsis, an essay on the style of the treatise, and a list of surviving manuscripts. The essay reviews the style of the work under the headings of organisation, illustrative material, syntax, language and vocabulary, hiatus, and prose-rhythm and clausulae. Since the question of authenticity depends almost entirely upon internal evidence, and predominantly on stylistic considerations, special attention is paid to comparisons with Plutarchan usage.
The De liberis educandis emerges from this study as a handbook containing advice for fathers on how to bring up their children, written by an author of philosophical inclinations but no great depth of thought or literary skill. The quality of the writing is generally inferior to that of Plutarch, with connections, quotations and illustrative material much less naturally and competently managed; and the case against Plutarchan authorship is further confirmed by neutral differences of detail in syntactical usage, vocabulary, the avoidance of hiatus and prose-rhythm, Internal evidence also suggests, however, that the treatise may date from around Plutarch's time, namely the first or second century AD
The Unity of Plutarch's Work
Full text linkThe contributions to this volume inquire into many important issues of Plutarchean scholarship: the conditions under which Plutarch`s writings were split into two distinct corpora, his methods of work and the various authorial techniques employed, the interplay between Lives and Moralia, Plutarch and politics, Plutarch and philosophy, literary aspects of Plutarch`s œuvre, Plutarch on women, Plutarch in his epistemological and socio-historical context. The contributors offer in-sights that throw new light on Plutarch`s personality and illustrate the unity of his varied literary production
Plutarch and the Persians
Full text linkThis paper deals with the image of Persia and the Persians in the works of Plutarch of Chaeronea (c. 45–c. 120 AD), in both his Moralia and Lives. It explores this theme under several headings: Plutarch as: (a) a Greek Imperial author, (b) an author dealing with historical subjects, (c) a biographer, (d) a moralist, and (e) a philosopher and an essayist concerned with religious themes
Alexander’s continence: ethos and appearance. A sophistic theme in Plutarch and Dio ,
No full textPlutarch and Dio are playing with the same sophistic theme about Alexander's physical appearance, apparently contrasting with his role
Plutarch's Lives : Translated from the Greek /
No full text"The life of Plutarch. Written by Mr. Dryden": p. [1]-58.Mode of access: Internet
- …
