1,720,983 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
Innovation, Création de connaissance et réseaux de recherche : le cas des multinationales Chinoises
No full textL'objectif principal de cette recherche est d'étudier les mécanismes par lesquels les entreprises multinationales des pays émergents innovent en acquérant des connaissances en dehors de leurs frontières géographiques par le biais de centres de recherche et des collaborations à travers le monde. La thèse étudie les mécanismes d'acquisition et de diffusion des connaissances et leur impact sur l'innovation en considérant le rôle des inventeurs de ces centres de recherche et leur relation avec les inventeurs de la multinationale dans le pays d'origine, en utilisant le cas des firmes multinationales chinoises.La thèse est composée de quatre chapitres. Le premier présente la construction d'une base de données originale portant sur les brevets et filiales de 51 multinationales chinoises et exploitée aux chapitres 2 et 3. Cette base offre des informations sur les firmes multinationales chinoises et leur activité d'innovation. Elle comprend 149 570 brevets entre 2000 et 2020. La construction de la base s'appuie sur les étapes suivantes : 1. Identification des multinationales chinoises ayant des centres de recherche à l'étranger ainsi que leur localisation ; 2. Extraction des brevets de la base Lens ; 3. Identification des inventeurs et des brevets associés à ces centres.Le second chapitre s'intéresse à l'innovation des inventeurs des centres de recherche hors de la Chine en considérant leur intégration dans des réseaux de partenariats externes et leur intégration dans les réseaux internes à l'entreprise. Les performances à l'innovation des entreprises multinationales de pays émergents sont étroitement liées à la performance de leurs inventeurs à l'étranger. Le chapitre explore comment ces inventeurs innovent et explorent de nouvelles technologies en s'appuyant sur les collaborations intra-firmes et les partenariats externes à l'entreprise, autrement dit, l'intégration interne et externe. Les réseaux de co-invention sont construits pour étudier comment ils affectent la productivité et l'exploration des inventeurs à l'étranger. Les résultats mettent en évidence les aspects structurels et relationnels des réseaux internes à l'entreprise plus que les liens externes qui restent secondaires.Le troisième chapitre explore les mécanismes de transfert inverse dans le processus de rattrapage en mettant l'accent sur l'innovation de l'entreprise dans le pays d'origine. Le chapitre explore comment l'entreprise d'appuie sur les relations directes avec les inventeurs à l'étranger et le rôle des gatekeepers qui font le lien entre les centres de recherche et l'entreprise dans le pays d'origine. Une estimation fondée sur des variables instrumentales permet de réduire l'endogénéité associée aux données de brevets. Les résultats confirment le rôle des gatekeepers comme mécanisme d'intégration. Les collaborations directes et la proximité de réseaux sont des facteurs déterminants qui facilitent l'absorption de connaissances externes et la création de nouvelles technologies.Le dernier chapitre explore les déterminants de la performance des entreprises chinoises à l'étranger. A partir de données de l'USPTO, le chapitre étudie l'innovation des inventeurs qui brevètent pour des entreprises chinoises aux Etats-Unis. Il s'agit d'estimer l'impact de trois sources d'innovation : l'aire métropolitaine, les réseaux de co-invention et l'entreprise déposant. Il s'agit d'examiner comment ces différents stocks de connaissance influencent la productivité des inventeurs. Les résultats indiquent que les entreprises multinationales chinoises bénéficient des réseaux de co-invention et de la proximité géographique aux inventeurs locaux au sein des aires métropolitaines. L'estimation exploite de nombreux effets fixes pour corriger l'hétérogénéité non observée. Le rôle du stock de connaissance de l'agglomération semble moins déterminant.The main objective of this research is to investigate how multinational enterprises from emerging markets (EM MNEs) innovate by sourcing knowledge outside their geographical boundaries through research units and collaborations all over the world. The knowledge-sourcing and diffusion mechanism and their specific impact on the innovation outcome are studied through the role of overseas inventors and their relationships with home company inventors by focusing on Chinese MNEs. This thesis is composed of four chapters.The first chapter describes the construction of a patent database used in chapters 2 and 3. The main objective is to collect information on Chinese MNEs' overseas research units, home companies, and their relationships in order to investigate their sourcing and integration mechanisms in their innovation and catching-up process. This database offers an overview of Chinese MNEs' overseas inventors' innovation activities. It comprises 149570 patent applications from 51 Chinese MNEs from 2005 to 2020. The construction of the database is carried out through the following steps: 1. Identification of leading Chinese MNEs that have established research units in foreign countries and the location of these units. 2. Extraction of the related patent applications from the Lens database. 3. Data processing and the identification of the inventors and patent applications related to these units.The second chapter focuses on EM MNEs' innovation activities in foreign environments and the performance of inventors in their overseas divisions. It contributes to this discussion by exploring these inventors' innovation and exploration of new technologies by focusing on the collaborations of these inventors within their home company and with external partners, respectively internal versus external embeddedness. Co-inventor networks are constructed to capture the details of these inventors' innovation activities for empirical analysis at the inventor level. Results highlight the importance of intra-firm networks and the complex mixed impact of both internal and external embeddedness on overall innovation outcomes and explorative patents.The third chapter explores the mechanisms of reverse knowledge transfer in EM MNEs' technological catch-up process. The aim of this chapter is to investigate how EM MNEs benefit from the knowledge sourced by their overseas research units. It focuses on specific sourcing mechanisms, namely direct relationships of home company inventors with overseas inventors through intra-firm networks, and highlights the role of specific individuals, namely home company gatekeepers, in enhancing knowledge absorptive capacity. An analysis of patents from Chinese MNEs is used to investigate the impact of gatekeepers and intra-firm networks on the novelty of patents. A 2SLS approach is adopted to cope with network endogeneity. Findings reveal the function of gatekeepers through their intermediation role as knowledge sourcing and integration mechanisms between units and home companies. Direct collaborations with units and network proximity also emerge as important moderators, facilitating the absorption of diverse external knowledge and the creation of novelty.The final chapter investigates the local determinants of Chinese MNEs' foreign inventors' performance. Based on USPTO data focusing on inventors located in the United States who patent for Chinese MNEs, the aim is to explore the respective impact of three sources of knowledge: the regional level, the co-inventor level, and the firm level on these inventors' innovation productivity. By adding various fixed effects to control for unobserved heterogeneity, the chapter uncovers the importance of knowledge in co-inventor networks for inventors' productivity, while the role of regional stock of knowledge is less relevant. The Results also highlight the positive impact of technological proximity within geographically co-located peers in metropolitan areas
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