1,720,956 research outputs found
Exploring the demography and dental anthropology of the Mississippi State Asylum skeletal sample (22Hi859) (1855-1935)
No full textIn 2013, Mississippi State University recovered 67 individuals from the Mississippi State Asylum Cemetery (1855-1935) in Jackson, Mississippi. The first goal of this research was to investigate heterogeneous frailty and varying life histories between MSA skeletal demographic groups. The second goal was to contextualize the MSA skeletal data via comparisons of MSA oral pathology and mortality data to other contemporaneous institutional skeletal samples in the U.S. as well as non-institutional skeletal samples in the southern U.S. Oral pathology data included linear enamel hypoplasias, caries, and antemortem tooth loss and demographic data included age and sex estimations. Results did not reveal any significant differences in oral health or mortality within the MSA sample. Additionally, the comparison of institutional samples exhibited generally similar prevalence of oral pathologies, but the MSA sample exhibited fewer individuals with oral pathologies and higher life expectancy than non-institutional comparative samples
The interaction between genetics and climate on craniofacial variation : examining the causative forces of macromorphoscopic trait expression
No full textAnthropologists have an extensive history using cranial form to measure group relatedness in past and present populations to answer a range of questions concerning population histories and cultural practices. However, most biological distance studies using skeletal remains do not consider extrinsic forces influencing modern human variation. Researchers have explored evolutionary and plastic responses in cranial form using measurements of the cranium and mandible, but these studies generally drew inferences through population comparisons or using inadequate statistical and biological models that so often lead to conflicting findings or confounding interpretations. To fill this gap in our current understanding of modern human variation, I have combined global craniofacial morphological, climatic, and genetic datasets to measure the magnitude and directionality of several climate variables on craniofacial form, while controlling for population structure (e.g., microevolutionary forces and population history). Craniofacial morphological data from the Macromorphoscopic Databank (MaMD) are used in conjunction with microsatellite data from Pemberton (2013), representing populations that overlap in geographic space with those in the MaMD. Finally, climate data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association (NOAA) and Climate Research Unit (CRU) websites were obtained for weather stations in close proximity to populations under study. This combined dataset is used to explore the interaction between climate and genetics on craniofacial variation across 11 geographic regions using a mixed model approach known as Bayesian Sparse Factor Analysis of Genetic Covariance Matrices (BSFG). Data analysis follows the methods described by Katz and colleagues (2016) but expands their study through the exploration of selection processes using additional climate variables, including coldest month and driest month averages and annual ranges of temperature and absolute humidity. Overall, the study found significant correlation between genetic and phenotypic data indicating MMS traits can serve as genetic proxies in biodistance analyses. Several traits had higher heritability estimates (malar tubercle, zygomaticomaxillary suture course, postbregmatic depression and anterior nasal spine). Features associated with the nasal complex and facial breadth, particularly anterior nasal spine, nasal bone contour, and interorbital breadth, had strong associations to climate. These climate findings correspond to previous research on nasal form and environment where cold-dry environments select for high, narrow noses. Further evidence of selective forces in MMS traits are apparent with the reduction of these features in more variable climates where the respiratory system experiences less stress. The evolutionary mechanisms behind craniometric data have been explored extensively. Such studies use a full suite of traits that capture overall size and shape of the human cranium; however, MMS traits focus on macroscopic assessments primarily in the midfacial skeleton. MMS trait data are particularly important for expanding our understanding of natural selection whereby a large portion of cranial evolutionary research has centered around the neutral evolutionary processes. The wealth of research demonstrating the nasal complex is highly responsive to climate due to respiratory stress emphasizes the importance of exploring the proportion of genetics and environments on MMS trait manifestation. This project provides an evolutionary foundation of the neutral evolutionary and selection processes controlling systematic patterns of global craniofacial variation in the Macromorphoscopic Databank (MaMD).Thesis (Ph. D.)--Michigan State University. Anthropology, 2022Includes bibliographical references (pages 98-116
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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