1,721,183 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Expliquer les modèles d'apprentissage automatique sur des graphes en identifiant les structures cachées construites par les GNN
No full textLa dernière décennie a vu une énorme croissance dans le développement de techniques basées sur les réseaux de neurones profonds pour les graphes. Les réseaux de neurones sur graphes (GNNs) se sont avérés les plus efficaces pour de nombreux problèmes d'apprentissage automatique de graphes. Ces modèles puissants sont basés sur l'apprentissage de la représentation des nœuds, ce qui évite la tâche fastidieuse de construction artisanale de descripteurs de graphes. Cependant, le fonctionnement interne des modèles GNN reste opaque, ce qui constitue un obstacle majeur à leur déploiement, soulevant des questions d'acceptabilité sociale et de fiabilité, limites qui peuvent être surmontées par l'explication du fonctionnement interne de tels modèles. Dans cette thèse, nous étudions le problème de l'explicabilité des GNNs. Notre contribution principale, INSIDE-GNN, vise à extraire les règles d'activation dans les couches cachées du modèle pour comprendre quels descripteurs et caractéristiques de graphes ont été automatiquement extraits des graphes. Le problème n'est pas de découvrir des règles d'activation individuellement très discriminantes pour une classe du modèle, mais le défi consiste à fournir un petit ensemble de règles qui couvrent tous les graphes d'entrée. Nous proposons un domaine de motifs subjectif pour résoudre cette tâche. Nous proposons l'algorithme INSIDE-GNN qui est efficace pour énumérer les règles d'activation dans chaque couche cachée. L'approche proposée pour quantifier l'intérêt de ces règles repose sur la théorie de l'information pour construire un modèle des connaissances apportées par l'ensemble des règles. Les règles d'activation peuvent ensuite être utilisées pour expliquer les décisions du GNN. Les expériences sur des ensembles de données synthétiques et réels montrent des performances très compétitives, avec jusqu'à 200 % d'amélioration de la fidélité sur l'explication du modèle de classification des graphes par rapport aux méthodes de l'état de l'art. Cependant, les règles d'activation ne sont pas interprétables en elles-mêmes puisqu'elles reposent sur les représentations internes du GNN qui ont un fort impact dans le processus de classification. Elles ne permettent pas d'examiner ce que le GNN capture réellement et à faire la lumière sur les descripteurs cachés construits par le GNN. Nous proposons d'interpréter ces règles en identifiant un graphe entièrement plongé dans le sous-espace associé à chaque règle. La méthode DISCERN que nous avons mise mise au point est basée sur une recherche arborescente de type Monte Carlo dirigée par une mesure de proximité entre le plongement du graphe et la représentation interne de la règle. Les graphes ainsi obtenus sont réalistes et pleinement compréhensibles par l'utilisateur final.The last decade has witnessed a huge growth in the development of deep neural network-based techniques for graphs and Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have proven to be the most effective for many graph machine learning problems. These powerful models are based on node representation learning which avoids the tedious and time-consuming task of hand-crafted feature engineering. However, the internal working of GNN models remains opaque which is the major obstacle to their deployment, raising some issues on societal acceptability and trustworthiness, requirements which enjoin making explicit the internal functioning of such models. In this thesis, we study the problem of GNN explainability. Our main contribution, INSIDE-GNN, aims at mining activation rules in the hidden layers to understand how the GNNs perceive the world. The problem is not to discover activation rules that are individually highly discriminating for an output of the model. Instead, the challenge is to provide a small set of rules that cover all input graphs. We introduce a subjective activation pattern domain to solve this task. INSIDE-GNN is thus an effective and principled algorithm to enumerate activation rules in each hidden layer. The proposed approach for quantifying the interest of these rules is rooted in information theory and can account for background knowledge on the input graph data. Activation rules can subsequently be used for explaining GNN decisions. Experiments on both synthetic and real-life datasets show highly competitive performance, with up to 200% improvement in fidelity on explaining graph classification model over the state-of-the art methods. Activation rules are not interpretable by themselves since they only define internal representations having a strong impact on the classification process. They are not sufficient to examine what the GNN actually captures and shed light on the hidden features built by the GNN. We propose to interpret these rules by identifying a graph that is fully embedded in the related subspace identified by the rule. The devised method, named DISCERN, is based on a Monte Carlo Tree Search controlled by a proximity measure between the graph embedding and the internal representation of the rule, as well as a realism factor that constrains the distribution of the labels of the graph to be similar to that observed on the dataset. The obtained graphs are realistic and fully understandable by the end user
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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