1,720,986 research outputs found
Surveillance of infectious diseases using drug sales data in pharmacies
No full textLe suivi des ventes de médicaments en pharmacies est un outil de surveillance qui s’est développé au début des années 2000 pour la surveillance des maladies infectieuses et la détection d’épidémies. Ces données présentent en effet de nombreux avantages pour la surveillance de par le volume important, l’exhaustivité et la rapidité d’obtention des données collectées de façon automatique. L’objectif de cette thèse était de déterminer l’intérêt du suivi des ventes de médicaments pour la surveillance et la prévention des maladies infectieuses en France. Les données de ventes analysées dans cette thèse sont issues d’un échantillon de 3004 pharmacies en France Métropolitaine, développé par la société Celtipharm. Trois axes de recherche ont été développés dans cette thèse : Nous avons tout d’abord réalisé une revue systématique de la littérature sur la surveillance des maladies infectieuses à partir des ventes de médicaments. Vingt-sept articles ont été analysés et les résultats montrent que le suivi des ventes de médicaments est un outil valide pour la surveillance et la détection de la gastro-entérite et de la grippe. De plus, les médicaments achetés sans ordonnance ont le potentiel d’émettre une alerte plus précoce que les systèmes de surveillance traditionnels. Des études pourraient être développées pour la surveillance d’autres maladies infectieuses. Notre deuxième étude avait pour objectif d’évaluer l’intérêt du suivi des ventes de médicaments pour la détection des épidémies saisonnière de gastro-entérites en France. Les ventes de médicaments indiqués en cas de gastro-entérite ont été comparées au nombre de cas vus en consultation entre 2008 et 2013. La méthode de Serfling a été utilisée pour détecter les périodes épidémiques. Les cinq épidémies saisonnières ont pu être détectées à partir des ventes de médicaments, sans fausse alerte. De plus, les médicaments non-prescrits ont permis une détection précoce des épidémies, en moyenne 2,25 semaines plus tôt que les données de référence. La troisième étude a porté sur l’estimation de la couverture vaccinale (CV) contre la grippe et le rotavirus à partir des ventes de vaccins en pharmacies. Nous avons pu estimer la couverture vaccinale grippe chez l’ensemble de la population, et avons développé une méthode pour estimer en temps-réel la CV dans la population cible des plus de 65 ans. Il n’existe actuellement pas d’estimation de la CV rotavirus en France car le vaccin n’est pas remboursé, et nos analyses ont permis d’apporter une information sur cette couverture depuis 2008. Les études développées dans cette thèse ont permis de démontrer que le suivi des ventes de médicaments était un outil valide et utile pour la surveillance des maladies infectieuses. Ses intérêts principaux résident dans la rapidité d’obtention des données qui offre la possibilité de déclencher rapidement une alerte et l’obtention de données de ventes de médicaments non-remboursés qui permettent d’avoir des informations sur des pathologies légères ou les premiers symptômes de maladies.Drug sales data analysis is a tool that has been developed in the early 2000s for infectious diseases surveillance and outbreak detection. These data present indeed many advantages for disease surveillance: the large volume and the completeness of the data, the rapidity to obtain the data automatically collected from pharmacies. The objective of this thesis was to determine the value of drug sales analysis for infectious disease surveillance in France. Sales data analyzed in this thesis were collected from a sample of 3,004 pharmacies in Metropolitan France, set up by the company Celtipharm. Three research axes have been developed in this thesis: We first did a systematic literature review on the surveillance of infectious diseases based on drug sales data. Twenty-seven articles have been analyzed and results showed that drug sales data analysis is a valid tool for the surveillance and outbreak detection of gastroenteritis and influenza. Besides, over-the-counter (OTC) drugs have the potential to detect outbreaks earlier than traditional surveillance data. Further studies could be developed for other infectious diseases. The second study focused on the detection of seasonal gastrointestinal disease outbreak in France based on drug sales data. Drug sales data have been compared to the number of cases reported by a network of GPs between 2008 and 2013. The Serfling method was used to detect epidemic periods in the times series. The five seasonal epidemic periods have been detected based on drug sales data, without false alert. Moreover, non-prescribed drugs allowed the detection of outbreaks on average 2.25 weeks earlier than reference data. The third study focused on the estimation of vaccination coverage (VC) against influenza and rotavirus using vaccine sales in pharmacies. We estimated the influenza vaccination coverage in the whole population and developed a method to estimate the VC in real time in the target population of the ≥ 65 years old. There is no estimation of rotavirus vaccination coverage in France as the vaccine is not reimbursed and we were able to estimate vaccination coverage since 2008 based on vaccine sales. The studies developed in this thesis showed that drug sales data analysis is a valid and useful tool for infectious disease surveillance. The main interests of this method are the rapidity to obtain the data that allows early outbreak detection and the collection of non-prescribed drugs that can reflect mild diseases or the first symptoms of a disease
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Caractéristiques et facteurs de risque du paludisme grave d'importation à Plasmodium falciparum chez l'adulte entre 2000 et 2009 en France métropolitaine
No full textLe paludisme d'importation est un enjeu de santé publique dans de nombreux pays industrialisés, de par la fréquence et la létalité des formes graves à p.falciparum. Afin de décrire les caractéristiques des patients ayant présenté des formes graves et de mettre en évidence les facteurs de risque de gravité, nous avons conduit une étude rétrospective sur les cas de paludisme d'importation à p.falciparum en France métropolitaine chez l'adulte entre 2000 et 2009. Les données épidémiologiques, cliniques, et biologiques des patients ont été recueillies par un réseau de 120 correspondants et transmises au CNR Paludisme. La définition OMS 2000 du paludisme grave a été utilisée pour identifier les cas graves. Les facteurs associés à la gravité ont été mis en évidence par régression logistique. Les analyses ont porté sur 20556 patients infectés par p.falciparum, dont 1083 présentaient une forme grave. Les facteurs associés à la gravité étaient: l'absence de chimioprophylaxie, un âge élevé, l'origine caucasienne, un délai symptômes/diagnostic de 4 à 12 jours, une apparition des symptômes avant le retour et un diagnostic en automne/hiver. La proportion de formes graves a augmenté passant de 3,1% en 2000 à 10,5% des patients en 2009. La vigilance doit être accrue chez les patients de plus de 60 ans et les patients caucasiens. Une meilleure connaissance de la maladie par les médecins et une vigilance des voyageurs par rapport aux symptômes sont nécessaires afin de limiter les délais de diagnostic. La chimioprophylaxie doit être préconisée chez tous les voyageurs, notamment les patients d'origine africaine qui représentent une part croissante des patients présentant une forme grave.Imported malaria became an important public health issue in many developed countries, because of severe cases that can quickly lead to complications and death. To explore characteristics and risk factors for severe malaria, we conducted a retrospective study of imported p.falciparum malaria among adults returning to metropolitan France from malaria-endemic areas between 2000 and 2009. Epidemiological, clinical and biological data were collected by a network of 120 laboratories and were reported to the CNR Paludisme. The WHO definition (2000) was used to define the paients with severe malaria. Factors associated with severity were identified by logistic regression. The study evaluated 20,556 patients who presented p.falciparum malaria, including 1083 patients with severe malaria. In multivariate analysis, risk factors independently associated with severity were as follows: absence of chemoprophylaxis, older age, caucasian origin, onset of symptoms prior to return to France, time between onset of symptoms and diagnostis in the range of 4 to 12 days and diagnosis in autumn/winter season. The study period was marked by an increase in the proportion of severe cases from 3,1% in 2000 to 10,5% in 2009.Vigilance should be increased for adults above 60 years and for patients of caucasian origin. Regarding delay in diagnosis, greater physician awareness of the disease and increased vigilance of travellers concerning the symptoms are needed. Increasing compliance with chemoprophylaxis remains necessary for all travelers, including African patients, which represent an increased proportion of severe cases.LYON1-BU Santé (693882101) / SudocRENNES1-BU Santé (352382103) / SudocSudocFranceF
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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