1,720,955 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Sotalia fluviatilis (Gervais, 1853) sound emissions characterization e during feeding behaviour in two beaches in Cananéia estuary, São Paulo.
No full textO estudo aqui apresentado teve dois objetivos: a descrição das emissões sonoras de S. fluviatilis e a classificação dos assobios analisados. Durante os meses de agosto e dezembro de 2002, foram gravadas emissões sonoras de indivíduos solitários e grupos de 2 a 10 animais que se aproximavam das praias do Pereirinha (Ilha do Cardoso) e da Ponta da Trincheira (Ilha Comprida) no complexo estuarino-lagunar de Cananéia, São Paulo para se alimentar. Para tal utilizou-se um hidrofone (HTI SSQ 94) acoplado a um gravador profissional analógico (SONY TCM 5000ev). Em cerca de 22h de gravações foram reportados 3.188 assobios (74,5%), 689 seqüências de clicks de ecolocalização (16%) e 406 sons pulsantes explosivos (9,5%), totalizando 4.283 emissões sonoras. Isto significa 0,93 emissões/minuto/indivíduo. Apenas as emissões de clara visualização previamente classificadas e abaixo de 20kHz de freqüência foram analisadas (61%). Os assobios foram classificados de duas formas, primeiramente pela técnica de observação humana e em um segundo momento através da aplicação de análise multivariada. Pelo método de observação humana 1.592 assobios foram classificados qualitativamente em 5 categorias de acordo com a forma física do contorno dado pelo número de pontos de inflexão apresentados. Foram encontrados assobios de 0 a 4 pontos de inflexão. A maior parte (89%) não apresentou pontos de inflexão e os assobios ascendentes foram os mais representativos (87%). Foram descritos apenas 213 (13,3%) assobios com harmônicos. A média de tempo de duração dos 1.592 assobios analisados foi de 0,23s (variação entre 0,04 e 0,64s). Já a variação de freqüência dos assobios encontrados neste trabalho esteve entre 1,01 e 19,98kHz. A média de modulação de freqüência encontrada para os indivíduos gravados em Cananéia foi de 7,22kHz. Foram encontradas variações quando se comparou este trabalho com outros estudos desenvolvidos com S. fluviatilis, mas isso se deve principalmente à utilização de diferentes métodos e equipamentos de gravação e análise de dados. Além disso, diferenças de hábitats, do contexto ecológico e comportamental entre os ecótipos fluvial e marinho devem ser levadas em consideração. Os resultados da análise multivariada aplicada para os 1.592 assobios de S. fluviatilis foram diferentes dos resultados encontrados pela a técnica de observação visual baseada no número de inflexões de cada assobio (análise univariada). A técnica multivariada associa todos os parâmetros acústicos mensurados e, a partir dessas associações, forma os grupos de assobios. Os 4 grupos apresentados pela técnica multivariada mostraram assobios com variados números de pontos de inflexões. São poucos os trabalhos que classificam os assobios de odontocetos de acordo com análise multivariada. A descrição qualitativa e quantitativa de assobios dos golfinhos faz-se necessária para futuras comparações entre populações de diferentes regiões geográficas ao longo da distribuição das espécies. Tais estudos reportam importantes relações ecológicas das populações estudadas e podem contribuir para os esforços de preservação das mesmas.This study had two objectives: to describe the sound emissions of Sotalia fluviatilis and to classify the analyzed whistles. During August and December, 2002, whistle emissions were recorded from solitary individuals and groups of 2 to 10 individuals that, in order to capture preys, approached Pereirinha (Ilha do Cardoso) and Ponta da Trincheira (Ilha Comprida) beaches in Cananéia estuarine complex, São Paulo. A hydrophone (HTI SSQ 94), connected to a professional analog audio tape recorder (SONY TCM 5000ev) was used to capture the emissions. In 22 hours of acoustic data, 3.188 whistles (74,5%), 689 echolocation click sequences (16%) and 406 burst pulses (9,5%) were reported; totalling 4.283 sound emissions. This represents 0,93 emissions/minute/individual. Only the emissions with clear visualization and up to 20kHz were analyzed (61%). The whistles were classified in two ways: by human observation technique and through the multivariate analysis. Using human observation, 1.592 whistles were quantitatively classified in 5 categories, according to the physical shape of the contour resulting from the number of inflection points presented in the whistle. Whistles with up to 4 inflection points were found. Most of the whistles (89%) did not show inflection points; moreover, there were considerably more whistles with rising frequency. (87%). Only 213 (13,3%) whistles had harmonics. The average duration of the 1.592 whistles was 0,23s (but varied between 0,04 and 0,64s). The frequency modulation of the whistles varied between 1,01 and 19,98 (mean = 7,22kHz). Variations were found when compared to other studies carried out on S. fluviatilis; nevertheless, this occurred due to differences in methodology, recorder equipment and data analysis. Furthermore, varieties of habitats and the ecological and behavioral context between freshwater and marine ecotypes of S. fluviatilis must be considered. The results of the multivariate analysis, applied to the 1.592 whistles, were very different to the results of the human observation technique (univariate method). The multivariate analysis links all measured acoustics; forming whistle groups. Four groups were formed by this method; they showed whistles with varying numbers of inflection points. There are few studies that classify whistles of odontocetes according to multivariate analysis. This kind of study is important to comparisons between different populations. The qualitative and quantitative descriptions of the whistles are necessary for future comparisons among populations from different geographic regions along the species distribuition. This study reported important ecological relationships and can contribute to the efforts of preservation
Sotalia fluviatilis (Gervais, 1853) sound emissions characterization e during feeding behaviour in two beaches in Cananéia estuary, São Paulo.
No full textO estudo aqui apresentado teve dois objetivos: a descrição das emissões sonoras de S. fluviatilis e a classificação dos assobios analisados. Durante os meses de agosto e dezembro de 2002, foram gravadas emissões sonoras de indivíduos solitários e grupos de 2 a 10 animais que se aproximavam das praias do Pereirinha (Ilha do Cardoso) e da Ponta da Trincheira (Ilha Comprida) no complexo estuarino-lagunar de Cananéia, São Paulo para se alimentar. Para tal utilizou-se um hidrofone (HTI SSQ 94) acoplado a um gravador profissional analógico (SONY TCM 5000ev). Em cerca de 22h de gravações foram reportados 3.188 assobios (74,5%), 689 seqüências de clicks de ecolocalização (16%) e 406 sons pulsantes explosivos (9,5%), totalizando 4.283 emissões sonoras. Isto significa 0,93 emissões/minuto/indivíduo. Apenas as emissões de clara visualização previamente classificadas e abaixo de 20kHz de freqüência foram analisadas (61%). Os assobios foram classificados de duas formas, primeiramente pela técnica de observação humana e em um segundo momento através da aplicação de análise multivariada. Pelo método de observação humana 1.592 assobios foram classificados qualitativamente em 5 categorias de acordo com a forma física do contorno dado pelo número de pontos de inflexão apresentados. Foram encontrados assobios de 0 a 4 pontos de inflexão. A maior parte (89%) não apresentou pontos de inflexão e os assobios ascendentes foram os mais representativos (87%). Foram descritos apenas 213 (13,3%) assobios com harmônicos. A média de tempo de duração dos 1.592 assobios analisados foi de 0,23s (variação entre 0,04 e 0,64s). Já a variação de freqüência dos assobios encontrados neste trabalho esteve entre 1,01 e 19,98kHz. A média de modulação de freqüência encontrada para os indivíduos gravados em Cananéia foi de 7,22kHz. Foram encontradas variações quando se comparou este trabalho com outros estudos desenvolvidos com S. fluviatilis, mas isso se deve principalmente à utilização de diferentes métodos e equipamentos de gravação e análise de dados. Além disso, diferenças de hábitats, do contexto ecológico e comportamental entre os ecótipos fluvial e marinho devem ser levadas em consideração. Os resultados da análise multivariada aplicada para os 1.592 assobios de S. fluviatilis foram diferentes dos resultados encontrados pela a técnica de observação visual baseada no número de inflexões de cada assobio (análise univariada). A técnica multivariada associa todos os parâmetros acústicos mensurados e, a partir dessas associações, forma os grupos de assobios. Os 4 grupos apresentados pela técnica multivariada mostraram assobios com variados números de pontos de inflexões. São poucos os trabalhos que classificam os assobios de odontocetos de acordo com análise multivariada. A descrição qualitativa e quantitativa de assobios dos golfinhos faz-se necessária para futuras comparações entre populações de diferentes regiões geográficas ao longo da distribuição das espécies. Tais estudos reportam importantes relações ecológicas das populações estudadas e podem contribuir para os esforços de preservação das mesmas.This study had two objectives: to describe the sound emissions of Sotalia fluviatilis and to classify the analyzed whistles. During August and December, 2002, whistle emissions were recorded from solitary individuals and groups of 2 to 10 individuals that, in order to capture preys, approached Pereirinha (Ilha do Cardoso) and Ponta da Trincheira (Ilha Comprida) beaches in Cananéia estuarine complex, São Paulo. A hydrophone (HTI SSQ 94), connected to a professional analog audio tape recorder (SONY TCM 5000ev) was used to capture the emissions. In 22 hours of acoustic data, 3.188 whistles (74,5%), 689 echolocation click sequences (16%) and 406 burst pulses (9,5%) were reported; totalling 4.283 sound emissions. This represents 0,93 emissions/minute/individual. Only the emissions with clear visualization and up to 20kHz were analyzed (61%). The whistles were classified in two ways: by human observation technique and through the multivariate analysis. Using human observation, 1.592 whistles were quantitatively classified in 5 categories, according to the physical shape of the contour resulting from the number of inflection points presented in the whistle. Whistles with up to 4 inflection points were found. Most of the whistles (89%) did not show inflection points; moreover, there were considerably more whistles with rising frequency. (87%). Only 213 (13,3%) whistles had harmonics. The average duration of the 1.592 whistles was 0,23s (but varied between 0,04 and 0,64s). The frequency modulation of the whistles varied between 1,01 and 19,98 (mean = 7,22kHz). Variations were found when compared to other studies carried out on S. fluviatilis; nevertheless, this occurred due to differences in methodology, recorder equipment and data analysis. Furthermore, varieties of habitats and the ecological and behavioral context between freshwater and marine ecotypes of S. fluviatilis must be considered. The results of the multivariate analysis, applied to the 1.592 whistles, were very different to the results of the human observation technique (univariate method). The multivariate analysis links all measured acoustics; forming whistle groups. Four groups were formed by this method; they showed whistles with varying numbers of inflection points. There are few studies that classify whistles of odontocetes according to multivariate analysis. This kind of study is important to comparisons between different populations. The qualitative and quantitative descriptions of the whistles are necessary for future comparisons among populations from different geographic regions along the species distribuition. This study reported important ecological relationships and can contribute to the efforts of preservation
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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