1,721,115 research outputs found
From 'ICDAS' to 'cariescare international': the 20-year journey building international consensus to take caries evidence into clinical practice
No full textEste documento traza el viaje de colaboración de 20 años realizado por equipos internacionales de investigadores, educadores y profesionales de la odontología. Tras el desarrollo inicial del Sistema Internacional de Evaluación y Detección de Caries (ICDAS) en 2002, el Sistema Internacional de Clasificación y Manejo de Caries (ICCMS) se desarrolló en colaboración entre 2010-2017 con varias organizaciones de investigación y práctica dental, e influenciado por la mejor evidencia juzgada a través de Metodología SIGN, el Tratado de Minamata del PNUMA (y la eliminación progresiva de las amalgamas dentales vinculadas), tres laboratorios de políticas dentales y un movimiento internacional en odontología operativa para avanzar hacia la odontología mínimamente invasiva. La Federación Dental Mundial de la FDI publicitó y abogó por el ICCMS en 2019, cuando se publicó la Guía de consenso 'CariesCare International' y el sistema de manejo de caries 4D para ayudar a poner en práctica el ICCMS. Este sistema, que está diseñado para ayudar a los médicos a brindar una atención óptima de la caries a los pacientes, ahora se está adaptando internacionalmente para su uso pospandémico en el estudio 'Caries OUT'. También se está utilizando como un vehículo para implementar la actualización Brindar una mejor guía de salud oral sobre la caries, como parte del marco de atención médica oral de intervención mínima en el Reino Unido.This paper charts the 20-year collaborative journey made by international teams of dental researchers, educators and practitioners. Following the initial development of the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) in 2002, the International Caries Classification and Management System (ICCMS) was collaboratively developed between 2010-2017 with several dental research and practice organisations, and influenced by best evidence judged via SIGN methodology, the UNEP Minamata Treaty (and linked phasing down of dental amalgam), three Dental Policy Labs and an international movement in operative dentistry to move towards minimally invasive dentistry. The FDI World Dental Federation publicised and advocated the ICCMS in 2019, when the 'CariesCare International' Consensus Guide and 4D caries management system was published to aid the delivery of ICCMS into practice. This system, which is designed to help practitioners deliver optimal caries care for patients, is now being adapted internationally for post-pandemic use in the 'Caries OUT' study. It is also being used as a vehicle for implementing the updated Delivering better oral health guidance on caries, as part of the minimum intervention oral healthcare delivery framework in the UK
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Assessing patients’ health behaviours:essential steps for motivating patients to adopt and maintain behaviours conducive to oral health
No full textThis chapter provides a summary of various approaches to behaviour change in oral health. The current research evidence does not support the practice of giving 'instructions' or 'advice' to patients as a means of modifying their attitudes or changing their health behaviours. A number of explanatory models are described which address both the complexity and the factors that influence and predict an individual's health behaviour. A practical guide of what should be assessed and professional assumptions which may be made to assist patients change and maintain their health behaviours are provided. The potential for difficulty during this assessment period is raised since this awareness will allow for flexibility when negotiating with patients to help them develop strategies to modify, change and maintain their health behaviours. Thus, the last part of the chapter describes new approaches that rely on multiple models that focus on patients' or recipients' beliefs, desired goals and readiness to change which are preferable to the traditional patient education approaches in dentistry
Clinical Visual Caries Detection
No full textThe reliable and reproducible detection of dental caries by clinical examination has been recognized as a problem for decades with very variable approaches being taken to recognize and stage lesions along the continuum of caries – from very small initial lesions, just visible to the human eye, through more established white- and brown-spot lesions, to shadowing beneath the enamel and different extents of cavitation. Clinical caries lesion detection implies some objective method of determining whether or not disease is present, and many systems have been developed to improve the objectivity of examiners. The existence of a large number of different systems, using different definitions of caries detection thresholds, lesion staging and examination conditions has led to problems in comparing between studies and communicating across different dental domains. The International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) has been developed from the best elements of previously published systems and is based upon the most robust evidence currently available to address the incompatibility of the systems currently used across the full breadth of cariology. The inherently visual ICDAS lesion detection codes are outlined for use with primary coronal caries, caries adjacent to restorations and sealants and for root surface caries. The ICDAS detection codes for primary coronal caries have been demonstrated to have the capability to record both enamel and dentinal caries in a reliable, valid and reproducible manner in both permanent and deciduous teeth and are being adopted increasingly in the domains of research, epidemiology, clinical practice and education
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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