1,720,954 research outputs found
Fiscal stimuli during the COVID-19 crisis
Get PDFPričujoče diplomsko delo obravnava krizo covid-19, s posebnim poudarkom na fiskalnih intervencijah, implementiranih v gospodarstvih G7. Začnemo s pregledom učinkov pandemije covida-19, ki ga nadaljujemo z obravnavo značilnosti fiskalnih intervencij v gospodarstvih skupine G7. Države so v boju proti zdravstvenim in ekonomskim posledicam koronavirusne krize reagirale s fiskalnimi paketi, ki so po obsegu in strukturi heterogeni in neprimerljivi z dosedanjimi krizami. Pregled empirične literature kaže, da so se države na pandemično recesijo ustrezno odzvale. Spričo primerjalne analize na osnovi izbranih makroekonomskih indikatorjev ugotavljamo, da je presoja uspešnosti soočanja s koronavirusno krizo odvisna od opazovanega indikatorja in se ta med gospodarstvi G7 razlikuje. Zaradi signifikantnega vpliva fiskalnih spodbud na javne finance posebno pozornost posvečamo javnofinančnim pozicijam držav EU v postcovidnem obdobju, s poudarkom na fiskalnih pravilih in morebitnih scenarijih, v katerih bi se članice Unije lahko znašle v prihodnosti.The present thesis provides an assessment of the COVID-19 crisis, with a special emphasis on the fiscal interventions implemented in the G7 economies. We begin with an overview of the effects caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, and continue with an examination of the characteristics of fiscal interventions in the G7 economies. In the fight against the health and economic consequences of the coronavirus crisis, countries have reacted with fiscal packages, heterogenous by scope and size and incomparable to previous crises. An empirical literature review shows that countries have responded to the pandemic recession accordingly. In the light of comparative analysis based on chosen macroeconomic indicators, we find that the assessment of success in dealing with the coronavirus crisis depends on the observed indicator and it varies among G7 countries. Due to the significant impact of fiscal stimuli on public finances, we dedicate special attention to public finance positions of EU countries in the postcovid era, underlining fiscal rules and possible scenarios member states may be facing in the future
Analysis of the fiscal sustainability of the G20 economies
Get PDFZagotavljanje zdravih javnih financ postaja v okolju naraščajočih obrestnih mer in javnih dolgov vse pomembnejše za nosilce fiskalne politike, ki s svojim delovanjem opravljajo pomembne funkcije alokacije resursov, redistribucije dohodkov in stabilizacije gospodarstva. Vsled naraščajočih demografskih izzivov, potrebe po financiranju zelene in digitalne transformacije in ob prisotnosti geopolitičnih trenj je zagotavljanje fiskalne vzdržnosti in oblikovanje zadostnih fiskalnih rezerv v nekriznih časih ključnega pomena za učinkovito spopadanje z izzivi in stabilizacijo gospodarstva v času gospodarskih kriz. Zato v magistrskem delu s panelnimi testi stacionarnosti in kointegracije empirično testiramo fiskalno vzdržnost gospodarstev skupine G7 in gospodarstev G20 brez držav skupine G7, pri čemer prvi panel vključuje analizo za obdobje med leti 1950 in 2022, drugi panel pa za obdobje med leti 1998 in 2022. Članice G7 in G20 obravnavamo zaradi njihove vloge pri sooblikovanju globalnega gospodarskega okolja in spodbujanju mednarodnega gospodarskega sodelovanja ter usklajevanja med geografsko, kulturno in politično različnimi državami. Analizo pričnemo s pregledom teoretičnih izhodišč s področja javnih financ, primerjave pogledov različnih ekonomskih šol, opredelitve medčasovne proračunske omejitve in pomena zagotavljanja fiskalne vzdržnosti. Teoretična izhodišča dopolnjujemo z empirično evidenco, ki izkazuje mešane rezultate. Medtem ko konvencionalne metode ne beležijo toliko rezultatov za potrditev vzdržnosti javnih financ, panelne študije ponujajo več dokazov v prid fiskalne vzdržnosti, ki je potrjena tudi za gospodarstva G7. Nadaljujemo s pregledom javnofinančnih agregatov članic G20, ki jih nato uporabljamo v empirični analizi. V empiričnem delu testiramo stacionarnost državnih prihodkov, državnih izdatkov, primarnega salda in javnega dolga, pri čemer stacionarnost javnega dolga testiramo le v prvi diferenci. Kointegracijo testiramo v treh parih, in sicer (1) med državnimi prihodki in državnimi izdatki, (2) med primarnim saldom in odloženim javnim dolgom in (3) med javnim dolgom in odloženim primarnim saldom. Stacionarnost smo izvajali s testi prve in druge generacije, natančneje z LLC testom, IPS testom, Breitungovim testom, Fisherjevim-ADF in Fisherjevim-PP testom ter s Pesaran CIPS testom. Kointegracijo smo izvedli s Pedronijevim testom. Empirična analiza ponuja dokaze v prid fiskalne vzdržnosti gospodarstev v skupini G20.In an environment of rising interest rates and public debt, ensuring sound public finances is becoming increasingly important for fiscal policy makers, whose actions perform the important functions of resource allocation, income redistribution and economic stabilisation. In the face of growing demographic challenges, the need to finance green and digital transformation, and in the presence of geopolitical tensions, ensuring fiscal sustainability and building sufficient fiscal buffers in non-crisis times is crucial to effectively address challenges and stabilise the economy in times of economic downturns. Therefore, in this master’s thesis, we empirically test the fiscal sustainability of the G7 and G20 economies excluding the G7 using panel tests of stationarity and cointegration, with the first panel including an analysis for the period 1950-2022 and the second panel for the period 1998-2022. We consider the G7 and G20 members because of their role in co-shaping the global economic environment and promoting international economic cooperation and coordination between geographically, culturally and politically diverse countries. We begin the analysis by reviewing the theoretical background of public finance, comparing the views of different schools of economic thought, defining the intertemporal fiscal constraint and the importance of ensuring fiscal sustainability. The theoretical background is complemented by empirical evidence, which shows mixed results. While conventional methods do not record as many results to confirm the sustainability of public finances, panel studies offer more evidence in favour of fiscal sustainability, which is also confirmed for the G7 economies. We proceed with an overview of the fiscal aggregates of G20 members, which are then used in the empirical analysis. In the empirical work, we test for stationarity of government revenues, government expenditures, the primary balance and government debt, with stationarity of government debt tested only in first difference. We test for cointegration in three pairs, namely (1) between government revenues and government expenditures, (2) between the primary balance and lagged government debt, and (3) between government debt and lagged primary balance. Stationarity was tested using first- and second generation tests, specifically the LLC test, the IPS test, the Breitung test, the Fisher-ADF, the Fisher-PP tests and the Pesaran CIPS test. Cointegration was performed with the Pedroni test. The empirical analysis provides evidence in favour of fiscal sustainability of the G20 economies
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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