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Déterminisme génétique de la couleur de la robe chez le furet domestique et maladies associées à certaines couleurs de pelage
No full textThere is a significant variability in coat color in the domestic ferret, whether by the base color, the pattern or the white markings. This variability is allowed by a combination of many genes that offer a diversity of different coats. Indeed, the mutation of the TYR gene is responsible for the albino coat. A mutation of the extension locus E, responsible for the production of MC1R receptors, creates, in the homozygous state, cinnamon ferrets. The locus B or brown locus involves the TRP1 protein. The different mutations of this gene are responsible for black, chocolate, champagne and sable-black ferrets. The locus A coding for the ASIP protein allows a differential of patterns in the ferret. Thus it is responsible for the standard, solid and self patterns. The determinism of the colorpoint pattern is still, to this day, debated. The two loci considered are the C locus and the I locus. The mutation of the MLPH protein is responsible for the roan pattern (sometimes called “silver”). The progressive graying has a mechanism that is still unknown in ferrets. The genetic and molecular mechanisms of white marking in ferrets have not yet been discovered to date in ferrets. It is possible that the MITF, Ednrb, KITL and KIT genes are however involved in the same way as they are in other mammalian species. However, certain coats are associated with diseases and congenital anomalies. The albino ferret is more likely to have a reduced visual field, abnormal perception of movements, as well as an absence of optokinetic reflex. The DEW coat and the white markings predispose to partial or bilateral deafness, especially when the white markings are on the ears. They also predispose to infertility and congenital anomalies. This review on current knowledge of the determinism of ferrets' coat color and the diseases they can cause could help ferret breeders in the selection of their breeding pairs.Il existe une importante variabilité de couleur de pelage chez le furet domestique, que ce soit par la couleur de base, le patron ou la panachure. Cette variabilité est permise par une combinaison de nombreux gènes qui offrent une diversité de pelage différents. En effet, la mutation du gène TYR, est responsable de la robe albinos. Une mutation perte de fonction du locus extension E, responsable de la production des récepteurs MC1R crée, à l'état homozygote des furets cannelles. Le locus B ou locus brown met en jeu la protéine TRP1. Les différentes mutations de ce gène sont responsables des furets noir, chocolat, champagne et zibeline-noir. Le locus A codant pour la protéine ASIP, permet un différentiel de patrons chez le furet. Ainsi il est responsable des patrons standard, solide et self. Le déterminisme du patron colorpoint est encore, à ce jour, discuté. Les deux locus envisagés sont le locus C et le locus I. La mutation de la protéine MLPH, est, elle, responsable du patron roan (parfois appelé “silver”). Le grisonnement progressif possède un mécanisme encore inconnu chez le furet. Les mécanismes génétiques et moléculaires du marquage blanc chez le furet ne sont pas encore découverts à ce jour chez le furet. Il est possible que les gènes MITF, Ednrb, KITL et KIT soient cependant impliqués de la même manière qu'ils le sont dans d'autres espèces de mammifères. Cependant, certaines robes sont associées à des maladies et anomalies congénitales. Le furet albinos est plus prompt à posséder une réduction de son champ visuel, une perception des mouvements anormale, ainsi qu'une absence de réflexe optocinétique. Les panachures et la robe DEW prédisposent à la surdité partielle ou bilatérale notamment lorsque les marques blanches se trouvent sur les oreilles. Ils prédisposent également à l'infertilité et aux anomalies congénitales. Cette thèse d'exercice vétérinaire sur les connaissances actuelles du déterminisme de la couleur de la robe des furets des maladies qu'elles peuvent engendrer pourra aider les éleveurs de furets pour la sélection de leurs couples reproducteurs
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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