1,720,961 research outputs found
Rôle de la transmission 5-HT6 dans la prise alimentaire et l’anxiété : une étude préclinique chez le primate non-humain, associant imagerie TEP et approche comportementale.
No full textRodent studies have demonstrated the interest of 5-HT₆ receptor (5-HT₆R) agents in modulating cognition, food intake, and anxiety. However, their mechanisms and sites of action are poorly understood, and studies in non-human primates (NHPs) are lacking. However, the striatum is known to be involved in all these processes and has a very high density of 5-HT₆R. Therefore, the aim of this work was to determine how serotonergic modulation via 5-HT₆Rs, using a specific antagonist (SB-258585) and agonist (WAY-208466), may modify food motivation and spontaneous behaviors, and what are the potential sites of action in the brain. We analyzed motivational parameters in a food choice task, spontaneous behavioral changes in a laboratory chair, and brain 5-HT₆R occupancy using positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. We showed that acute modulation of 5-HT₆ transmission, presumably via the striatum (putamen and caudate nucleus), exerts a consistent effect on food motivation. The effect was opposite between agonist and antagonist. Effects on activity and anxiety-related behaviors were more variable, but favored food and object-oriented behaviors. In contrast to acute fluoxetine administration, low-dose subchronic treatment with the agonist increased food intake without inducing adverse effects. These results support studies recommending antagonists for the treatment of obesity and open therapeutic perspectives for the restrictive type of anorexia nervosa, highlighting the importance of preclinical 5-HT₆R research in understanding and treating eating disorders.Des études chez le rat ont montré l'intérêt des agents des récepteurs 5-HT₆ (5-HT₆R) pour moduler la cognition, la prise alimentaire et l'anxiété. Cependant, leurs mécanismes et lieux d’action sont méconnus, et aucune étude chez le primate non-humain (PNH) n'est disponible. Or, il s'avère que le striatum est impliqué dans tous ces processus et qu'il possède une très forte densité de 5-HT₆R. L'objectif est donc de déterminer comment la modulation sérotoninergique passant par les 5-HT₆R, via un antagoniste (SB-258585) et un agoniste (WAY-208466) spécifiques, modifie le comportement et la motivation alimentaire, et quels sont ses sites d'action potentiels. Nous avons analysé les paramètres motivationnels dans une tâche de choix alimentaire, les modifications comportementales en laboratoire et l’occupation des 5-HT₆R cérébraux via l'imagerie TEP. Nous avons montré que la modulation aiguë de la transmission 5-HT₆ exerçait, vraisemblablement via le striatum (putamen et noyau caudé), un effet consistant sur la motivation alimentaire et opposé entre l’agoniste et l’antagoniste. L’impact sur l’activité et les comportements à caractère anxieux était plus variable, mais favorisait les comportements orientés vers les objets et les aliments. Contrairement à la fluoxétine, un traitement subchronique à faible dose avec l’agoniste permettait d’augmenter la prise alimentaire sans induire d’effets délétères. Ces résultats renforcent les études préconisant les antagonistes pour traiter l'obésité, et ouvrent des perspectives thérapeutiques pour l'anorexie mentale, soulignant l'importance de la recherche pré-clinique sur les 5-HT₆R dans la compréhension et le traitement des troubles alimentaires
Rôle de la transmission 5-HT6 dans la prise alimentaire et l’anxiété : une étude préclinique chez le primate non-humain, associant imagerie TEP et approche comportementale.
No full textRodent studies have demonstrated the interest of 5-HT₆ receptor (5-HT₆R) agents in modulating cognition, food intake, and anxiety. However, their mechanisms and sites of action are poorly understood, and studies in non-human primates (NHPs) are lacking. However, the striatum is known to be involved in all these processes and has a very high density of 5-HT₆R. Therefore, the aim of this work was to determine how serotonergic modulation via 5-HT₆Rs, using a specific antagonist (SB-258585) and agonist (WAY-208466), may modify food motivation and spontaneous behaviors, and what are the potential sites of action in the brain. We analyzed motivational parameters in a food choice task, spontaneous behavioral changes in a laboratory chair, and brain 5-HT₆R occupancy using positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. We showed that acute modulation of 5-HT₆ transmission, presumably via the striatum (putamen and caudate nucleus), exerts a consistent effect on food motivation. The effect was opposite between agonist and antagonist. Effects on activity and anxiety-related behaviors were more variable, but favored food and object-oriented behaviors. In contrast to acute fluoxetine administration, low-dose subchronic treatment with the agonist increased food intake without inducing adverse effects. These results support studies recommending antagonists for the treatment of obesity and open therapeutic perspectives for the restrictive type of anorexia nervosa, highlighting the importance of preclinical 5-HT₆R research in understanding and treating eating disorders.Des études chez le rat ont montré l'intérêt des agents des récepteurs 5-HT₆ (5-HT₆R) pour moduler la cognition, la prise alimentaire et l'anxiété. Cependant, leurs mécanismes et lieux d’action sont méconnus, et aucune étude chez le primate non-humain (PNH) n'est disponible. Or, il s'avère que le striatum est impliqué dans tous ces processus et qu'il possède une très forte densité de 5-HT₆R. L'objectif est donc de déterminer comment la modulation sérotoninergique passant par les 5-HT₆R, via un antagoniste (SB-258585) et un agoniste (WAY-208466) spécifiques, modifie le comportement et la motivation alimentaire, et quels sont ses sites d'action potentiels. Nous avons analysé les paramètres motivationnels dans une tâche de choix alimentaire, les modifications comportementales en laboratoire et l’occupation des 5-HT₆R cérébraux via l'imagerie TEP. Nous avons montré que la modulation aiguë de la transmission 5-HT₆ exerçait, vraisemblablement via le striatum (putamen et noyau caudé), un effet consistant sur la motivation alimentaire et opposé entre l’agoniste et l’antagoniste. L’impact sur l’activité et les comportements à caractère anxieux était plus variable, mais favorisait les comportements orientés vers les objets et les aliments. Contrairement à la fluoxétine, un traitement subchronique à faible dose avec l’agoniste permettait d’augmenter la prise alimentaire sans induire d’effets délétères. Ces résultats renforcent les études préconisant les antagonistes pour traiter l'obésité, et ouvrent des perspectives thérapeutiques pour l'anorexie mentale, soulignant l'importance de la recherche pré-clinique sur les 5-HT₆R dans la compréhension et le traitement des troubles alimentaires
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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