1,720,955 research outputs found
Commerce and connection: Jewish merchants, Philadelphia, and the Atlantic world, 1736-1822
No full textMatson, CathyThis dissertation is a study of Philadelphia’s Jewish commercial community from its emergence in 1736 until 1822. The earliest settlers in this community were well placed to connect London, other Atlantic colonies, and Pennsylvania’s hinterlands through their commercial enterprises. Other Jews soon trickled into the region, and over the course of two generations newcomers and their American-born sons participated in Atlantic and western trade, land speculation, army supply, and corporations aimed at internal development. Events such as the Seven Years’ War, the Imperial Crisis, the American Revolution, and the international wars that followed sometimes facilitated and sometimes impeded their enterprises. Unlike the Sephardi Jews who first settled in the Atlantic world and established other early Jewish communities, these men were almost exclusively Ashkenazim. This dissertation, then, adds to scholarship on so-called “Port Jews,” the Jewish Atlantic World, and Jewish trade networks. It adds portraits of the earliest wave of Ashkenazi migrants who were new to Atlantic world trade. They diligently learned the skills they needed to participate in commerce, establish credit, and build up an expansive network that included both Jewish and non-Jewish colleagues in the Atlantic world.
Using correspondence and business accounts, this dissertation examines Jews’ relationships with one another and with non-Jewish colleagues, and it overturns two common assumptions about Jews’ trade networks. First, while ethno-religious bonds and kinship relationships promoted trust, they did not ensure honesty. Merchants never allowed ethno-religious bonds to override their commercial judgment and interests. Inclusion in the region’s Jewish network was not automatic, and it was ever pragmatic. Second, shared economic enterprises brought Jews and non-Jews together in ventures and partnerships that often lasted a long time and could bring mutual success. Still, while they used their economic endeavors and cultural relationships to flourish in the city, most of them also were treated as “citizen others” on the periphery of all citizens. Representations of Jews as “others” influenced non-Jewish contemporaries who conceived of them as different even while they accepted Jews’ participation in economic, political, and social spheres.University of Delaware, Department of HistoryPh.D
David Franks: Colonial Merchant. By Mark Abbott Stern
Full text linkDavid Franks (1720–1793) was one of Philadelphia\u27s earliest Jewish residents and among the region\u27s premier merchants. From the time of the French and Indian War until his death, much of his business activity coincided with political events. Despite Franks\u27s central role in commerce in Pennsylvania, his membership in Philadelphia\u27s elite circles, and his family\u27s prominence in trans-Atlantic trade, no full-length treatment of his life had previously been published. The reason for this omission is likely the absence of any large archival collection dedicated to Franks, making it difficult to compile a coherent record. Mark Abbott Stern,a retired engineer, has located scattered sources and reconstructed the details of Franks\u27s life
Commerce and Community: Philadelphia’s Early Jewish Settlers, 1736–76
No full textABSTRACT: Philadelphia’s earliest Jewish settlers created a web of connections that was reinforced by necessity, trust, and obligation. In the absence of any Jewish institution, they collaborated in observing their religion and relied on one another as they established themselves in business. Interdependence in these dual realms complicated their relationships. Successful economic collaborations often led to longstanding partnerships, and colleagues often merged their families. However, bad luck, dishonesty, and imprudence disrupted relationships and impeded the communal cohesion. Communal and religious needs and economic necessities sometimes facilitated and sometimes complicated the other
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
- …
