1,720,962 research outputs found
FORMULASI TABLET HISAP EKSTRAK URANG ARING (Eclipta albaL.) DENGAN AVICEL SEBAGAI ADSORBEN
Full text linkABSTRAK Avicel adalah komponen yang ditambahkan kedalam tablet hisap sebagai zat pengering (adsorben). Avicel bersifat kompresible dan iner. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui konsentrasi optimum avicel sebagai zat tambahan dalam tablet hisap ekstrak urang-aring secara kempa langsung. Urang aring merupakan tumbuhan yang mengandung ekliptin, wedelolakton, beberapa turunan alkohol, alkaloida, saponin, flavonoida, tannin, dan tiofen. Daun Eclipta alba L. telah digunakan dalam pengobatan sakit gigi, gigi berlubang dan gusi bengkak.Ekstrak etanol daun urang-aring pada konsentrasi 15% menunjukkan aktivitas antimikroba terhadap bakteri penyebab karies gigi.Tablet hisap merupakan tablet kempa yang dirancang untuk melarut atau hancur perlahan dan tidak mengalami kehancuran langsung tapi terkikis secara perlahan-lahan dalam jangka waktu 10-30 menit di dalam mulut.Tablet hisap umumnya ditujukan untuk pengobatan iritasi lokal atau infeksi mulut atau tenggorokan, tetapi dapat juga mengandung bahan aktif yang ditujukan untuk absorbsi sistemik setelah ditelan. Penelitian dimulai dengan mengekstraksi herba urang-aring dan kemudian ditambahkan avicel dengan variasi konsentrasi pada setiap formula yaitu sebanyak 7.5%, 15%, 22.5%, 30%, dan 37.5% pada setiap tablet hisap. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tablet hisap pada setiap formulasi memenuhi persyaratan Farmakope Indonesia IV untuk sifat fisik tablet hisap. Tablet hisap yang ditambahkan avicel sebanyak 30% (formula IV) menunjukkan hasil paling baik menurut sifat fisik tablet hisap. Kata Kunci : avicel, tablet hisap, adsorben, kempa langsung, Eclipta alba ABSTRACT Avicel is a filler component added to the lozenges as a drying agent (adsorbent). Avicel is compressible and inert. The purpose of this research is to determine the optimum concentration of Avicel as an additive in lozenges of Eclipta alba extract with direct compression. Eclipta albais a plant that contains ecliptine, wedelolakton, some alcohol derivatives, alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, and thiophene. Eclipta albaL. leaves have been used in the treatment of toothache, cavities and gum swelling. Ethanol extract of Eclipta alba’s leaves at concentration of 15% showed antimicrobial activity against bacteria that cause dental caries. Lozenges are designed to dissolve or disintegrate slowly and had not experienced the direct but eroded gradually within a period of 10-30 minutes in the mouth. Lozenges are generally intended for the treatment of local irritation or infection of the mouth or throat, but can also contain active ingredients intended for systemic absorption after ingestion. The research begin by extracting herbs Eclipta alba and then add Avicel with concentration variation 7.5%, 15%, 22.5%, 30%, and 37.5% in each lozenges. The results show that all lozenges are fulfill Pharmacopeia of Indonesia 4th Edition for physical property. The lozenges which use Avicel 30% (formula IV) shows the best results according to the physical properties oflozenges. Key words : avicel, lozenges, adsorbent, direct compression, Eclipta alb
PEMANTAUAN TERAPI OBAT PADA PASIEN GEA (Gastroenteritis Akut) LAPORAN KASUS di RUANG RAWAT INAP ANAK di RUMAH SAKIT “X
Full text linkDiare masih banyak terjadi di dunia dan menyebabkan 4 % kematian anak pada tahun 2009. Di Indonesia angka morbiditas diare pada anak -anak mencapai 60 % sampai 80 % dan setiap anak mengalami diare rata - rata 1,6 sampai 2 kali setahun dengan kematian rata-rata 3,4 per mil pertahun pada balita dan 12,7 per mil per tahun pada bayi. Kasus diare pada bayi menduduki tempat kedua atau 11 % setelah infeksi saluran pernafasan akut (ISPA) sebagai penyebab kematian (Betz, 2002)
PEMANTAUAN TERAPI OBAT PADA PASIEN NEUROPATI DIABETIK Laporan Kasus di Ruang Rawat Rumah Sakit “X”
Full text linkNeuropati diabetik (ND) merupakan salah satu komplikasi kronis paling sering ditemukan pada diabetes melitus. Resiko yang dihadapi pasien diabetes melitus dengan neuropati diabetik antara lain ialah infeksi berulang, ulkus yang tidak sembuh-sembuh dan amputasi jari/kaki.Pasien Ny.Sy 63 tahun dengan BB 75 kg tercatat pada tanggal 20 November 2016 masuk Rumah Sakit “X” dengan keluhan utama badan pegal-pegal diseluruh tubuh, jari tangan dan kaki baal, pusing, BAB dan BAK tidak ada keluhan, telapak tangan dan kaki nyeri. Riwayat penyakit terdahulu Diabetes Mellitus tipe 2. Dan didiagosa oleh dokter Neuropati DM. Dari hasil pemeriksaan fisik pada tanggal 20 November 2016 nilai tekanan darahnya tinggi 140/90 mmHg. Pada hasil pemeriksaan Laboratorium mengalami peningkatan Trigliserida dan Gula darah sewaktu yang menandakan bahwa pasien menderita DM. Dan mengalami penurunan Hematokrik yang menandakan terjadinya anemia. Pemantauan terapi obat harus terus dilakukan kepada pasien untuk meningkatkan rasionalitas penggunaan obat. Dan sebaiknya mempertimbangkan penggunaan obat DM pada pasien, karena sewaktu-waktu gula darah pasien bisa meningkat, sebaiknya obat DM (Glibenklamid) tetap diminum selama perawatan. Memberikan edukasi kepada pasien agar memperbaiki lifestyle sepeti tidak merokok, minum alkohol, mengurangi konsumsi makanan yang banyak mengandung garam, kolestrol dan mengurangi aktifitas fisik untuk mencegah kekambuhan atau keparahan penyaki
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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