1,721,052 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Immunological understanding of immune response stimulation by synthetic molecules : therapeutic applications
No full textLe développent des biothérapies a connu un essor sans précédent ces dernières années, permettant l'émergence de nombreuses solutions thérapeutiques répondant à de multiples défis en santé humaine et animale afin de lutter contre des maladies héréditaires ou acquises. Parmi ces stratégies, le transfert de gênes revêt un intérêttout particulier, permettant à la fois de réparer des cellules défectueuses en leur apportant une copie saine du gène, ou bien d'activer efficacement le système immunitaire par l'expression d'un antigène d'intérêt thérapeutique. Néanmoins, malgré le développement de nombreux outils de thérapie génique ou d'immunothérapie, de nombreuses limitations persistent à ce jour. Au cours de cette thèse, les résultats obtenus ont permis le développement et l'optimisation d'outils afin d'outrepasser ces limites. Tout d'abord, nous avons pu élucider les mécanismes d'actions du copolymère à blocs 704, une nouvelle classe de vecteurs qui permet d'induire une réponse vaccinale optimale en délivrant de manière directe des acides nucléiques au sein des cellules musculaires et en stimulant des récepteurs à ADN intracellulaires. De plus, ces travaux ont permis de démontrer qu'une nouvelle classe de molécules adjuvantes, les Iipoaminoglycosides, permet de stimuler efficacement le système immunitaire en plus de conduire à la régression de la croissance de tumeurs mammaires murines. Enfin, ces résultats ont pu montrer l'importance de l'assemblage supramoléculaire des lipoplexes sur l'efficacité de transfection afin de développer un vecteur universel pour la délivrance de différentes classes d'acides nucléiques. Dès lors, l'optimisation de la délivrance de macromolécules au sein de cellules et la compréhension de l'interaction entre le système immunitaire! le vecteur I les acides nucléiques nous ont permis d'établir des stratégies afin de développer des formulations spécifiques à chaque application biothérapeutique.The development 01 biotherapies experienced an unprecedented growth in recent years, allowing the emergence al many therapeutic solutions to many challenges in human and animal health in arder to fight against hereditary or acquired diseases. Among these strategies, gene transfer is of particular interest, making it possible either to repair defective cells by providing them a healthy copy 01 the gene, ar to effectively activate the immune system by expressing an antigen of therapeutic interest. Nevertheless, despite the development of numerous tools for gene therapy or immunotherapy, many limitations persist. During this thesis, the results obtained allowed the development and optimization of tools in order to go beyond these limits. First, we have been able to elucidate the mechanism of action 01 the block copolymer 704, a new class 01 vectors which allows to induce an optimal vaccine response by directly delivering nucleic acids into muscle cells and by stimulating intracellular DNA sensors. Moreover, this work has demonstrated that a new class of adjuvant molecules, lipoaminoglycosides, can stimulate efficiently the immune system in addition to lead to the regression of murine mammary tumors growth. Finally, these results showed the importance of the supramolecular assembly of lipoplexes on the \ransfection efficiency in order to develop a universal vector for the delivery of different classes of nucleic acids. Therefore, the optimization of macromolecules delivery within cells and the understanding of the interaction between the immune system i vector I nucleic acids allowed us to establish strategies in order to develop specific formulations tor each biotherapeutic applications
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Characterization and understanding of mechanism of nanovectors for the intracellular delivery of biological macromolecules
No full textL’un des challenges dans la délivrance intracellulaire de macromolécules biologiques est le développement de vecteurs adaptés et efficaces. Des études précédentes ont identifiés les dérivés lipidiques d’aminoglycosides comme étant d’excellents candidats pour la délivrance d’acides nucléiques et récemment de protéines. La délivrance intracellulaire de protéines thérapeutiques représente une approche originale pour le traitement de pathologies car elles ont la capacité d’agir sur des voies de signalisation intracellulaire. Dans cette étude, nous avons identifié les relations entre les caractéristiques physico-chimiques des vecteurs et leur capacité à délivrer efficacement les molécules biologiques au sein des cellules. Pour y parvenir nous avons mis en oeuvre une stratégie originale en étudiant les corrélations existantes par microscopie de fluorescence et électronique. Nous avons ainsi identifié un système micellaire à base d’aminoglycoside permettant la délivrance d’une protéine thérapeutique (anticorps K8-FITC) au sein de cellules vivantes. Les complexes lipide/anticorps sont internalisés par la voie macropinocytose et cavéoledépendant (CvME) dont cette dernière est majoritaire. Ensuite, les complexes concentriques et multilamellaires (25 nm et 1 μm de diamètre) se retrouvent dans des vésicules intracellulaires et sont libérés par un mécanisme de « flipflop ». La formation du couple lipides anioniques/cationiques permet le détachement de l’anticorps et sa libération dans le cytoplasme. Par microscopie corrélative et tomographie, il a été démontré que l’anticorps se distribuait dans l’ensemble de la cellule et restait fonctionnel, attesté par la fixation sur des filaments intermédiaires de cytokératine 8.One of the challenges in the intracellular delivery of biological macromolecules is the development of suitable and efficient vectors. Previous studies have identified lipid derivatives of aminoglycosides as excellent candidates to the delivery of nucleic acids and recently proteins. The intracellular delivery of therapeutic proteins represents an original approach for the treatment of pathologies because they have the capacity to act on intracellular signaling pathways. In this study, we identified the relationships between physico-chemical characteristics of vectors and their ability to efficiently deliver biological molecules within cells. To achieve this, we have implemented an original strategy by studying the existing correlations by fluorescence and electron microscopy. We have thus identified an aminoglycoside-based micellar system allowing the delivery of a therapeutic protein (K8- FITC antibody) within living cells. The lipid/antibody complexes are internalized by the macropinocytosis and caveolae-dependent pathway (CvME), of which the latter is the majority. Then, the concentric and multilamellar complexes (25 nm and 1 μm in diameter) are found in intracellular vesicles and are released by a "flip-flop" mechanism. The formation of the anionic/cationic lipid couple allows detachment of the antibody and its release into the cytoplasm. By correlative microscopy and tomography, it was demonstrated that the antibody was distributed throughout the cell and remained functional, ascertained by the fixation on intermediate filaments of cytokeratin 8
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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