1,720,975 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Pour une éthique de l'intelligence artificielle conversationnelle
No full textThis research aims to probe the ethical intricacies of conversational Artificial Intelligence (AI), specifically focusing on Large Language Models and conversational agents. This manuscript constructs a framework that melds empirical analysis with philosophical discourse. We aim to urgently advocate for a well-founded ethical structure for conversational AI, highlighting the necessity to involve all stakeholders, from developers to end-users. Firstly, we champion the integration of engineering and other scientific disciplines with philosophy, facilitating a more nuanced understanding of the ethical dimensions underpinning AI. This collaborative approach allows for a richer, more informed ethical discourse. Secondly, we advocate for the dynamic use of applied ethical frameworks as foundational guides for setting the initial objectives of an AI system. These frameworks serve as evolving tools that adapt to the ethical complexities encountered during development and deployment. Lastly, grounded in hands-on, interdisciplinary research, we make an argument for the prioritization of narrow, task-specific AI over Artificial General Intelligence, a stance that is based on the enhanced feasibility of ethical oversight and technical controllability.With this research, we aim to contribute to the literature on AI ethics, enriching the academic discourse in both philosophy and computer science.Cette recherche vise à sonder les complexités éthiques de l'intelligence artificielle (IA) conversationnelle, en se concentrant spécifiquement sur les grands modèles de langage et les agents conversationnels. Ce manuscrit construit un cadre qui allie l'analyse empirique au discours philosophique. Notre objectif est de plaider de toute urgence en faveur d'une structure éthique bien fondée pour l'IA conversationnelle, en soulignant la nécessité d'impliquer toutes les parties prenantes, des développeurs aux utilisateurs finaux. Tout d'abord, nous défendons l'intégration de l'ingénierie et d'autres disciplines scientifiques avec la philosophie, facilitant ainsi une compréhension plus nuancée des dimensions éthiques qui sous-tendent l'IA. Cette approche collaborative permet un discours éthique plus riche et mieux informé. Deuxièmement, nous préconisons l'utilisation dynamique de cadres éthiques appliqués en tant que guides fondamentaux pour la définition des objectifs initiaux d'un système d'IA. Ces cadres servent d'outils évolutifs qui s'adaptent aux complexités éthiques rencontrées au cours du développement et du déploiement. Enfin, sur la base d'une recherche pratique et interdisciplinaire, nous plaidons en faveur de la priorisation de l'IA étroite et spécifique à une tâche par rapport à l'intelligence artificielle générale, une position qui repose sur la faisabilité accrue de la surveillance éthique et de la contrôlabilité technique.Avec cette recherche, nous souhaitons contribuer à la littérature sur l'éthique de l'IA, en enrichissant le discours académique à la fois en philosophie et en informatique
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
For an ethics of conversational Artificial Intelligence
No full textCette recherche vise à sonder les complexités éthiques de l'intelligence artificielle (IA) conversationnelle, en se concentrant spécifiquement sur les grands modèles de langage et les agents conversationnels. Ce manuscrit construit un cadre qui allie l'analyse empirique au discours philosophique. Notre objectif est de plaider de toute urgence en faveur d'une structure éthique bien fondée pour l'IA conversationnelle, en soulignant la nécessité d'impliquer toutes les parties prenantes, des développeurs aux utilisateurs finaux. Tout d'abord, nous défendons l'intégration de l'ingénierie et d'autres disciplines scientifiques avec la philosophie, facilitant ainsi une compréhension plus nuancée des dimensions éthiques qui sous-tendent l'IA. Cette approche collaborative permet un discours éthique plus riche et mieux informé. Deuxièmement, nous préconisons l'utilisation dynamique de cadres éthiques appliqués en tant que guides fondamentaux pour la définition des objectifs initiaux d'un système d'IA. Ces cadres servent d'outils évolutifs qui s'adaptent aux complexités éthiques rencontrées au cours du développement et du déploiement. Enfin, sur la base d'une recherche pratique et interdisciplinaire, nous plaidons en faveur de la priorisation de l'IA étroite et spécifique à une tâche par rapport à l'intelligence artificielle générale, une position qui repose sur la faisabilité accrue de la surveillance éthique et de la contrôlabilité technique.Avec cette recherche, nous souhaitons contribuer à la littérature sur l'éthique de l'IA, en enrichissant le discours académique à la fois en philosophie et en informatique.This research aims to probe the ethical intricacies of conversational Artificial Intelligence (AI), specifically focusing on Large Language Models and conversational agents. This manuscript constructs a framework that melds empirical analysis with philosophical discourse. We aim to urgently advocate for a well-founded ethical structure for conversational AI, highlighting the necessity to involve all stakeholders, from developers to end-users. Firstly, we champion the integration of engineering and other scientific disciplines with philosophy, facilitating a more nuanced understanding of the ethical dimensions underpinning AI. This collaborative approach allows for a richer, more informed ethical discourse. Secondly, we advocate for the dynamic use of applied ethical frameworks as foundational guides for setting the initial objectives of an AI system. These frameworks serve as evolving tools that adapt to the ethical complexities encountered during development and deployment. Lastly, grounded in hands-on, interdisciplinary research, we make an argument for the prioritization of narrow, task-specific AI over Artificial General Intelligence, a stance that is based on the enhanced feasibility of ethical oversight and technical controllability.With this research, we aim to contribute to the literature on AI ethics, enriching the academic discourse in both philosophy and computer science
What lies behind AGI: ethical concerns related to LLMs
Full text linkThis paper opens the philosophical debate around the notion of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) and its application in Large Language Models (LLMs). Through the lens of moral philosophy, the paper raises questions about these AI systems' capabilities and goals, the treatment of humans behind them, and the risk of perpetuating a monoculture through language
La logique algorithmique confrontée à l'organisation de l'administration publique française
Full text linkCet article montre comment la logique algorithmique d’un agent conversationnel peut aider l’organisation des connaissances au sein d’une organisation de l’administration publique française, notamment une collectivité territoriale. Par le bias d’une recherche sur le terrain, je cherche à montrer comment il existe deux différentes adoptions de la technologie de la part de l’administration publique : une complexifiante et une simplifiante
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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