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    Analysing the customer perspective in relation to supermarkets in the UK moving toward hybrid competitive strategies

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    The topic of competitive advantage has received much exploration from strategy theorists since the 20th century due to corporations wishing to distinguish themselves from rivals through the value propositions offered to customers. With much of the theory proposing competitive advantage will be achieved either through cost-leadership or differentiation, extensive research has been conducted in to this matter to determine whether strategic purity translates in to higher performance. While much research exists on this topic, there is a lack of research concerning the customer perception toward the pursue of hybrid strategies, as opposed to strategic purity. The supermarket industry in the U.K is the prime focus of this dissertation, due to the nature of the competition not only being vigorous, but also the result of supermarkets following different strategies, as proposed by the literature, to achieve competitive advantage. As the nature of the competition in this industry continues to intensify, a matter which is largely the result of the rise of the discount retailers following the strategy of cost- leadership – with key players being Aldi and Lidl - the importance of sustaining an established advantage is vital for the increase of market share. As a way to combat combination, supermarket in the UK have been moving closer to features of hybrid strategies, a notion which is strongly argued against by theory. Undertaking an industry analysis through descriptive studies will highlight key industrial trends which reflect erosion of strategic purity for Tesco, Sainsbury’s and Lidl. Rather than investigating whether supermarkets which adhere to the predictions of the literature that dictates following a single generic strategy as proposed by Porter will result in advantage, the core aim of this dissertation is to examine the customer perspective in relation to supermarkets in the UK moving away from their established strategic positions through combining aspects of both product differentiation and low-cost. This has been done through conducting empirical research via online surveys and semi-structured phone interviews. 4 It is hoped that undertaking this dissertation will also shed substantial light on the axioms which have dictated much of the strategy literature including the perceived trade-off between cost leadership and differentiation, and whether the most influential theories, like that of Michael Porter’s still uphold when being applied to firms competing in the competitive supermarket industry

    Analysing the customer perspective in relation to supermarkets in the UK moving toward hybrid competitive strategies

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    The topic of competitive advantage has received much exploration from strategy theorists since the 20th century due to corporations wishing to distinguish themselves from rivals through the value propositions offered to customers. With much of the theory proposing competitive advantage will be achieved either through cost-leadership or differentiation, extensive research has been conducted in to this matter to determine whether strategic purity translates in to higher performance. While much research exists on this topic, there is a lack of research concerning the customer perception toward the pursue of hybrid strategies, as opposed to strategic purity.\ud The supermarket industry in the U.K is the prime focus of this dissertation, due to the nature of the competition not only being vigorous, but also the result of supermarkets following different strategies, as proposed by the literature, to achieve competitive advantage. As the nature of the competition in this industry continues to intensify, a matter which is largely the result of the rise of the discount retailers following the strategy of cost- leadership – with key players being Aldi and Lidl - the importance of sustaining an established advantage is vital for the increase of market share. As a way to combat combination, supermarket in the UK have been moving closer to features of hybrid strategies, a notion which is strongly argued against by theory.\ud Undertaking an industry analysis through descriptive studies will highlight key industrial trends which reflect erosion of strategic purity for Tesco, Sainsbury’s and Lidl. Rather than investigating whether supermarkets which adhere to the predictions of the literature that dictates following a single generic strategy as proposed by Porter will result in advantage, the core aim of this dissertation is to examine the customer perspective in relation to supermarkets in the UK moving away from their established strategic positions through combining aspects of both product differentiation and low-cost. This has been done through conducting empirical research via online surveys and semi-structured phone interviews.\ud 4\ud It is hoped that undertaking this dissertation will also shed substantial light on the axioms which have dictated much of the strategy literature including the perceived trade-off between cost leadership and differentiation, and whether the most influential theories, like that of Michael Porter’s still uphold when being applied to firms competing in the competitive supermarket industry

    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed

    Variations on the Author

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    “Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship

    Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis

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    We provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis

    Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts

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    We conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more sophisticated methods

    Author Index

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    koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist

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    We have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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