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Suomalainen piru kansakunnan auttajana
No full textTämän tutkielman aiheena ovat suomalaiset pirukertomukset, erityisesti ne, joissa piru saapuu auttamaan ihmistä hädässä. Alustavana hypoteesina on, että suomalaisissa pirukertomuksissa esiintyvä paholaishahmo on erikoinen verrattuna muihin paholaiskertomuksiin ja ristiriitainen yleiskristillisen paholaistulkinnan kanssa. Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena on analysoida piru auttajana -kertomuksia, verrata niitä varhaisempaan kansanperinteeseen ja löytää suomalaisen pirun erityisluonne.
Käyttämäni aineisto on Kansanrunousarkiston kokoelmista otsakkeen E Piru, paholainen alle kerätyt memoraatit ja uskomustarinat. Kertomuksia uudelleenluettelointia varten on yli neljä tuhatta ilman toisintoja, ja itse tutkielmaan lainauksina ovat päätyneet vain olennaisimmat ja havainnollistavimmat.
Otin tutkielmaani mukaan myös muita kuin piru auttajana -kertomuksia. Muiden kertomusten avulla esittelen, millainen piru on ollut tavoiltaan ja ulkonäöltään ja mitä sen on uskottu tehneen. Verratessani pirua varhaisemman perinteen uskomusolentoihin huomasin selkeitä yhtymäkohtia. Piru omi itselleen muun muassa kalmanväen, hiisien ja maahisten rooleja, ja samantyyppiset kertomukset useista uskomusolennoista elivät rinta rinnan.
Aineistolähtöisen sisällönanalyysin avulla luokittelen kertomukset sekä analysoin, millaisia ne ovat olleet. Päädyin luokittelemaan kertomukset seitsemän eri alakategorian alle. Niistä käytän aktiivisesti analyysissä vain kahta; auttamiskertomuksia (383 kappaletta) ja rankaisukertomuksia (1289 kappaletta). Rankaisukertomusten käsittely on olennaista pirun moraalinvartija-roolin kannalta, vaikka auttamiskertomukset ovatkin tutkimukseni varsinainen ydin.
Analysoin, millaisesta pirun ilmentymästä on kussakin kertomuksessa kyse. Erityisesti auttamistarinoiden kohdalla piru saattoi joko auttaa pyyteettömästi, hieman vastahakoisesti tai vastalahjaa vaatien.
Tutkimukseni edetessä huomasin hypoteesini pitäneen paikkansa; suomalainen pirun on vallan erikoislaatuinen. Piru auttaa ihmistä jopa pyyteettömästi sekä pitää kirkkokansan kaidalla polulla puuttuen jokaiseen syntiseen toimintaan, kuten kortinpeluuseen ja liialliseen tanssimiseen. Lisäksi piru harvoin kertomusten mukaan vaati itselleen mitään, mutta apu varsinkin esineiden muodossa sisälsi ehtoja: jos katsot terävääkin terävämmän pirun viikatteen terää, se muuttuu hyödyttömäksi havuksi.
Kokonaisuudessaan pirulla oli suomalaisessa kansanperinteessä merkittävä ja melko suuri rooli, ja uskomusolentona se poikkeaa miltei täysin yleiskristillisestä paholaiskäsityksestä
Geology of a Portion of Piru and Santa Susana Quadrangles
Full text linkThis area is situated adjoining the town of Piru, California, the area extending to the north and east of the town, in the northeast corner of the Piru quadrangle and the northwest corner of the Santa Susanna quadrangle. Piru is located on State highway 126 connecting the Ridge Route highway (U.S. 99) with the Coast (Roosevelt) Highway (U.S. 101) at Ventura. To reach Piru, travel from Los Angeles out Highway 99 to Castaic Junction, fifteen miles beyond San Fernando. Turn left on highway 126 and travel twelve miles to Piru. The southern extremity of the area borders on highway 126 and extends approximately from the Los Angeles-Ventura County border to Piru. All roads to Piru are well paved, except for one stretch just outside of Piru where a flood has washed out some two hundred yards of pavement.
The area is shaped roughly like a trapezoid and contains
approximately sixteen square miles. The boundary, beginning
at Piru, extends east along highway 126 for approximately five miles, turns north for another four and one-half miles, turns west along Leckler and Santa Felicia canyons to Piru Creek, extends about one-half mile farther west, and then parallels Piru Creek down to Piru. The hills are sufficiently covered with grass to warrant several large ranches with quite a few live stock. Several bee colonies are cultivated here. All of the area is leased by the Pacific Western Oil Company, and written permission must be obtained before anyone is permitted to trespass in the area. There is one road running along the bank of Piru Creek that originally had several offshoots to different parts of the area and to ranches in the canyons, but
now the flood of March, 1938, has washed out all the side roads and nearly demolished the main road up the canyon.</p
Geology of a Portion of Piru and Santa Susana Quadrangles: Supplement 1 from "Geology of a portion of Piru and Santa Susana quadrangles" (Thesis)
No full textThis area is situated adjoining the town of Piru, California, the area extending to the north and east of the town, in the northeast corner of the Piru quadrangle and the northwest corner of the Santa Susanna quadrangle. Piru is located on State highway 126 connecting the Ridge Route highway (U.S. 99) with the Coast (Roosevelt) Highway (U.S. 101) at Ventura. To reach Piru, travel from Los Angeles out Highway 99 to Castaic Junction, fifteen miles beyond San Fernando. Turn left on highway 126 and travel twelve miles to Piru. The southern extremity of the area borders on highway 126 and extends approximately from the Los Angeles-Ventura County border to Piru. All roads to Piru are well paved, except for one stretch just outside of Piru where a flood has washed out some two hundred yards of pavement.
The area is shaped roughly like a trapezoid and contains
approximately sixteen square miles. The boundary, beginning
at Piru, extends east along highway 126 for approximately five miles, turns north for another four and one-half miles, turns west along Leckler and Santa Felicia canyons to Piru Creek, extends about one-half mile farther west, and then parallels Piru Creek down to Piru. The hills are sufficiently covered with grass to warrant several large ranches with quite a few live stock. Several bee colonies are cultivated here. All of the area is leased by the Pacific Western Oil Company, and written permission must be obtained before anyone is permitted to trespass in the area. There is one road running along the bank of Piru Creek that originally had several offshoots to different parts of the area and to ranches in the canyons, but
now the flood of March, 1938, has washed out all the side roads and nearly demolished the main road up the canyon
Moshe Greenberg. — The Hab/piru.
No full textParrot André. Moshe Greenberg. — The Hab/piru.. In: Syria. Tome 32 fascicule 3-4, 1955. pp. 335-336
Piru Creek : a national wild and scenic river eligibility study
Full text linkDefined by the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act 1968 (see Appendix A), a Wild and Scenic River is part of a national system of rivers which are free-flowing and do not have dams, impoundments and other water diversion devices. In addition, a Wild and Scenic River is relatively natural in characteristic, displaying little impact from human use and development, and is managed for its "outstandingly remarkable values" including, geological, biological, ecological, archeological, historical, cultural, scenic and recreational values. Finally, a Wild and Scenic River is segmented according to existing levels of development which may occur along or near the river corridor such as, roads, bridges and campgrounds. These segments are classified "wild," "scenic," or "recreational" with "wild" segments being the most natural and least developed. With passage of the Los Padres Condor Range and River Protection Act, June 19, 1992 (see Appendix B), Piru Creek, located in Southern California within Los Padres National Forest (see Appendix C), was designated a Wild and Scenic "Study" River. As a result of this Act, The United States Forest Service was mandated by law to determine the eligibility of Piru Creek as a National Wild and Scenic River (WSR) candidate. Termed a "Wild and Scenic River Study" the complete study consisted of two parts; part one termed the "Eligibility Study" and part two, the "Suitability Study." This project consisted of part one, the "Eligibility Study." During the time this study was conducted, the author was employed by Los Padres National Forest and represented management as a member of the interdisciplinary team which conducted the "Eligibility Studies" of nine Wild and Scenic "Study" Rivers. The author's position was that Piru Creek was eligible as a WSR candidate, based on its status as a natural, free-flowing waterway, as well its biological and ecological values, including habitat for three threatened and endangered species. In addition, the creek was identified as a popular recreation site, attracting visitors from Los Angeles, Ventura and Kern counties and serving several small, local communities. This project, therefore, had both a primary and secondary concern. The primary concern was to design and produce a process for the "Eligibility Study" of Piru Creek which would reflect the intent and purpose of the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act 1968 and be useful in identifying the creek's "outstandingly remarkable values." The secondary concern was the actual "Eligibility Study" of Piru Creek, which involved using the process described in brief above to address three research questions: (a) Is Piru Creek a free-flowing waterway?, (b) What, if any, are Piru Creek's "outstandingly remarkable values"? and (c) If Piru Creek is eligible as a Wild and Scenic River candidate, being free-flowing and displaying "outstandingly remarkable values," how should it be segmented and classified? Following confirmation of Piru Creek's status as a free-flowing waterway, and having identified seventeen "outstandingly remarkable values," the interdisciplinary team concluded that Pim Creek was eligible as a National Wild and Scenic River candidate. In addition, the team divided the river into four segments, classifying two segments "wild" and two "scenic". No segments were classified "recreational". Finally, the team recommended Piru Creek for part two of the Wild and Scenic River Study, the "Suitability Study".California State University, Northridge. Department of Leisure Studies and Recreation.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 60-61
Abundância, distribuição espacial, uso de hábitat e conservação do Piru-piru Haematopus palliatus (Aves: Haematopodidae) no litoral norte e médio do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
Full text linkO Piru-piru Haematopus palliatus é uma ave limícola especialista em ambientes costeiro-marinhos e que apresenta representativas populações no Rio Grande do Sul. A espécie vem despertando preocupações conservacionistas em muitos sítios onde ocorre, o que faz informações das populações do Rio Grande do Sul importantes na avaliação de sua situação regional. Censos nas praias do litoral norte e médio do Rio Grande do Sul foram realizados em maio de 2010 (156 km entre o farol de Mostardas e Tramandaí) e em 2011 (215 km entre a barra da Lagoa do Peixe) resultaram na contagem de 1902 e 2605 indivíduos respectivamente, números estes superiores ao encontrado na metade sul do estado. Comparações com censos realizados na mesma época na década de 1980 sugerem que a população que inverna na área pode ter aumentado mais de cinco vezes. As densidades nas praias do litoral norte foram 2.1 e 3.7 vezes menores com relação ao observado no litoral médio, provavelmente devido a maior urbanização da primeira, na qual 82.2 e 93.8% das aves observadas encontrava-se em praias paralelas a remanescentes de dunas em 2010 e 2011, respectivamente. As praias ao norte da Lagoa do Peixe apresentam abundâncias da espécie que as credenciam a serem incluídas como sítio da Rede Hemisférica para Conservação de Aves limícolas, pois representam mais de 1% da estimativa populacional global. O litoral norte do Rio Grande do Sul é a porção da sua costa mais alterada pela urbanização, com remanescentes de campos de dunas sendo atualmente pequenos e fragmentados. A importância desses locais para o Piru-piru, um especialista de ambientes costeiro marinhos, foi então avaliada em quatro dos maiores remanescentes de campos de dunas da região, Magistério, Cabras, Imara e Capão Novo, cujas praias paralelas às dunas têm comprimento de 3, 6, 1 e 2 km, respectivamente, durante as temporadas reprodutivas 2010/11 e 2011/12. Censos semanais realizados entre setembro de 2010 e fevereiro de 2011 demonstraram que as densidades médias nas praias paralelas aos remanescentes de Magistério, Cabras e Imara foram 49, 16 e 5.2 vezes maiores, respectivamente, do que o observado em praias urbanizadas. Nestas as densidades de distúrbios humanos foram sempre superiores, marcadamente nos meses de verão (densidades até 28 vezes maiores), o que provavelmente levou a ausência da espécie na maioria das praias urbanizadas. Na praia urbanizada de Capão Novo, a densidade média de Piru-pirus foi mais elevada na primavera com relação a respectiva praia paralela a fragmento, fato provavelmente relacionado a menor densidade de distúrbios nesse período do ano. As praias foram utilizadas principalmente para alimentação e descanso, não sendo encontradas evidências de reprodução, as quais ocorreram em todos os fragmentos em novembro de 2011. Nessas áreas, a densidade média de pares reprodutores é superior ao encontrado em dunas não fragmentadas ao sul do litoral norte (p<0.05), o que indicar que essas áreas são importantes refúgios para populações reprodutoras da espécie. O remanecente de Cabras, localizado entre Cidreira e Tramandaí, é a maior área de dunas do litoral norte, é onde o Piru-piru foi encontrado em maior número (pico de 265 indivíduos), e suportou mais da metade pares reprodutivos registrados no litoral norte, sendo uma área que merece atenção conservacionista. Os fragmentos são provavelmente as únicas áreas que permitem ao Piru-Piru completar seu ciclo de vida no litoral norte, sendo sua preservação uma eficiente estratégia de conservação à espécie
Oil prospects near Piru, California, ca.1940
No full textPhotograph of a view of the mountains above Piru, California, showing exposed anti-cline and sin-cline and potential for petroleum development, ca.1940. The view is from a high elevation with spiny trees in the foreground. Scrub brush blankets the bass of the mountains at center. The tall, layered mountains continue into the background
Potential research priorities arising from proposals for NHS reforms in England
Full text linkThis report, undertaken as part of the 2011 work programme of the Department of Health-funded Policy Research Unit in Policy Innovation Research (PIRU), outlines emerging trends and issues within the current health care policy landscape in England. It is designed to help PIRU anticipate potential priority areas where new research to support policy development might be required. We have assessed the overall landscape, as well as debate around that landscape, reviewed existing and emergent policy issues, and synthesized available evidence around these issues, to identify gaps in knowledge which may merit new research
Voi sinun piru kun harmittaa (2/4 d)
No full textLaulun sanat: Voi sinun piru, kun harmittaa, kun kultani halaa muita, sydäntäin mun viileksii ja pitkin lapaluita
Figure 2 in Reproduction of the American Oystercatcher ("piru-piru"), Haematopus palliatus Temminck 1820 (Aves: Haematopodidae), in northeastern Brazil
No full textFigure 2. Nest and nestlings of Haematopus palliatus at Maramar Beach/PI, Brazil: (a) nest with eggs (09/05/2019); (b) a nestling in its first week of life (01/06/2019); (c) a nestling in its fourth week of life (05/06/2012); (d) tire tracks in a nesting area (23/05/2017).Published as part of Siqueira, Airton Janes da Silva, Guzzi, Anderson, Lima, Pedro Cerqueira, Damasceno, João Paulo Tavares, Pichorim, Mauro & Fedrizzi, Carmen Elisa, 2020, Reproduction of the American Oystercatcher ("piru-piru"), Haematopus palliatus Temminck 1820 (Aves: Haematopodidae), in northeastern Brazil, pp. 1513-1524 in Journal of Natural History 54 (23-24) on page 1517, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1814438, http://zenodo.org/record/575695
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