1,721,033 research outputs found
Designing Care Robots for Sustainable Healthcare Work
Get PDFCompassionate care is widely acknowledged as a fundamental component of high-quality healthcare, closely linked to positive outcomes for both patients and their families. The increasing incidence of burnout and compassion fatigue among healthcare professionals represents a critical obstacle to maintaining this standard of care. Elevated stress levels, emotional exhaustion, and compassion fatigue can significantly impair professionals’ capacity to offer empathetic and patient-focused support. This paper explores whether integrating care and assistive robots into healthcare environment can mitigate these challenges. By automating routine tasks and providing support, robots may contribute to creating a more sustainable work environment, thereby reducing stress, and burnout. To achieve this, we propose adopting a Value-Sensitive Design (VSD) approach which ensures that robots are not only technologically advanced but also ethically designed. VSD incorporates moral and social values throughout the design process, emphasizing that care robots must align with persons’ needs and values. This approach highlights the importance of a value-based framework in shaping innovative robotic solutions
On the Kantian distinction between Ethics and Right: Linearity and Mediation
No full textThe aim of this paper is to provide an original account of the distinction between the spheres of Sitten that goes beyond the traditional one based on the nature of incentives, since this underestimates some of their characteristics. First, the paper identifies in obligatio a common source between Ethics and Right. Then, it explores how in the Metaphysics of Morals the connection between law and incentive constitutes a more relevant criterion to distinguish ethical lawgiving from juridical lawgiving. Specifically, it demonstrates that such connection: (a) to be ethical should be linear, understood as a necessary self-determined process of connecting law to incentive; (b) to be juridical should be mediated, namely it comprises an inclusive disjunction between two modalities of connecting law to incentive: a non-necessary linear and a divergent one. It concludes by exploring the implications of such perspective on the notions of internalisation and externalisation associated to each lawgiving
Secolarismo: appunti per una riflessione
No full textIl lavoro ricostruisce i tratti essenziali del concetto di secolarismo, concedendo particolare attenzione ai vari modelli di organizzazione dei rapporti tra stato e religione proposti dalla teoria politica moderna. Nella seconda parte, il saggio si confronta con i temi principali del dibattito contemporaneo su secolarismo e post-secolarizzazione
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Interpretation und Kommunikation. Lebensformen im Dialog
No full textThis essay analyzes the role played by the “principles of interpretative benevolence”, mainly Davidson’s principle of charity, in the communication and understanding practices within and between different ways of life. The unifying feature of the life-world (Lebenswelt) and the incompleteness of the interpretation processes constitute the framework in which convergences and intersections of beliefs and values between different cultural and linguistic communities emerge. First of all, it is highlighted both by Gadamer’s notion of horizon and Charles Taylor’s conception of cultures as “webs of interlocutions”, that the basic social structure is constituted by the I-you relationship. From this relationship, a “we” can originate at both intra- and inter-cultural level. In the course of a real communicative exchange, subjects articulate their points of view not as a simple reiteration of a transmitted knowledge, but as a first-person performance that constitutes and organizes elements of their respective background knowledge. Communication and understanding do not take place between cultural or social systems conceived as macro-subjects. Secondly, according to Davidson’s truth-functional semantics, this essay aims to show that mutual understanding takes place, when it occurs, in the inter-subjectively accessible area between the interlocutors on the basis of a great deal of common agreement about various truths in everyday life contexts (Lebenswelt). Contrarily to the thesis of widespread incommensurability among points of view or conceptual schemes I argue that the disagreement is surrounded by spaces of agreement, which are left unnoticed because there are taken for granted. I highlight that differences in the meaning of expressions in different languages might be bridged by an adequate interpretative effort. To support the idea that there is no qualitative difference between intra- and inter-cultural communication and understanding, this essay resorts to Wittgenstein’s ideas of family resemblance and forms of life (Lebensformen), interpreting them in a way that is not committed to the kind of cultural relativism that some of his critics attribute to him. I attempt to show that his notion of “forms of life” – Wittgenstein also calls them “facts of living” - refers to basic activities, practices and attitudes toward life and people that are rooted in man’s biological and social nature. They provide the shared system of reference by means of which people can interact with each other both intra- and inter-culturally. Thirdly, the essay aims to show that the forms of life, so conceived, constitute the core contents of the human rights system, starting with the Universal Declaration as the first genuinely intercultural document in history. The ways of being and acting expressed by human rights, on which different views of the world have found, and continue to find, an overlapping consensus at the practical level, represent a selection of valuable features of the “common behavior of mankind”. As the principle of charity indicates, we can suppose that dissent on one or more human rights is based on the sharing, no matter how partial, of other contents understood as forms of life. It is precisely for this reason that what is shared remains, for the most part, unnoticed. That dissent concerns not so much about the ways of being and acting to which value is attributed, but about the weight that is attributed to them both by individuals and different cultural communities. If the contents of human rights lead to the expression of basic facts of living, then what characterized the different ways of life are the different and often alternative combinations and priorities attributed to them by the people living in different cultural communities. Finding commonalities is a practice that always comes about in the particular. It starts from the particular meeting of two people, referring to a particular topic, in a particular place and at a particular time. When within differences one succeeds in grasping commonalities, “universal” places occur
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