1,721,319 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Puun- ja mekaanisin liittimin liitettyjen puurakenteiden sitkeys
No full textDuctility is the extent to which material can plastically deform without losing its load bearing capacity. Ductility is essential in accidental situations, areas of high seismicity, and in cases of static overloading. In general, ductility can be understood as a safeguard against the unknown.
In the past two decades, the status of wood as a building material has become more suitable for high rise buildings; however only a limited amount of updates have been made to the standards. This thesis reviewed the current situation through an analysis of the design standards: Eurocode 5: Design of Timber Structures and Eurocode 8: Design of Structures for Earthquake Resistance. The brittle and ductile failure mechanisms and solutions were addressed and ways to increase the ductility in wood structures were reviewed. Finally, a case study was conducted to evaluate experimentally the findings of the literature study.
Wood is an orthotropic material. This means that the stiffness, strength and ductility of wood differ depending on the type and direction of the stressing. In many cases, due to the tension perpendicular to grain dominating the failure, wood is perceived to be a brittle material. However, if designed correctly, wood can fail with a ductile compression failure.
In connections with dowel-type fasteners, the failure is ductile if the connection fails with one of the failure modes described by the European Yield Model. However, if premature splitting or failure of the connection area occurs, the failure is brittle. The brittle failures occur when the shear and/or tension perpendicular to grain stress is exceeded. Slender fasteners and appropriate fastener spacing reduce the risk of splitting. Additionally, fasteners capable of transferring axial forces (such as bolts and screws) are less likely to fail in brittle manner. Inclined screws with an inclination angle > 30° fail with brittle withdrawal or screw tension failure.
Eurocode 5 does not favor ductile design in wood structures. All the known brittle failure mechanisms of mechanically connected wood structures are taken into account in Eurocode 5 by separate design rules. However, the brittle and ductile methods are not identified and the use of brittle modes is not penalized. Eurocode 8 gives rules that favor the use of ductile solutions in wood structures. However, the rules are general and the modern solutions such as cross-laminated timber and inclined self-tapping screws are missing.
Reinforcing wood in a perpendicular to grain direction will prevent wood from splitting. Various number of reinforcing solutions have been proven to be effective. An effort should be made to include these solutions to the design standards as a requirement when ductile solutions are needed.Sitkeys kuvaa materiaalin tai rakenteen stabiilia muodonmuutoskykyä plastisella alueella. Sitkeyttä voidaan hyödyntää suunniteltaessa rakenteita kestämään maanjäristyksiä, onnettomuuksia ja staattista ylikuormitusta. Yleisesti sitkeys voidaan käsittää varmuutena tuntematonta vastaan.
Menneen kahden vuosikymmenen aikana puuta on alettu käyttää kerrostalojen runkomateriaalina. Tänä aikana standardeihin on kuitenkin tehty vain lieviä muutoksia. Tässä diplomityössä tutkittiin nykytilannetta analysoimalla suunnittelunormeja: Eurokoodi 5: Puurakenteiden suunnittelu ja Eurokoodi 8: Maanjäristyksen kestävien rakenteiden suunnittelu. Työssä käsitellyt vauriomekanismit ja suunnitteluratkaisut jaettiin hauraisiin ja sitkeisiin. Erityisesti tarkasteliin mahdollisuuksia puurakenteiden sitkeyden parantamiseksi. Kirjallisuustutkimuksessa löydettyjä ratkaisuja tutkittiin lopuksi kokeellisesti.
Puu on ortotrooppinen materiaali, joten puun jäykkyys, kestävyys ja sitkeys eroavat riippuen rasituksen laadusta ja suunnasta. Syytä vastaan kohtisuora veto aiheuttaa usein puun murtumisen, mistä johtuen puu mielletään hauraaksi materiaaliksi. Oikein suunniteltuna puun murtotapa on kuitenkin sitkeä puristuslujuuden ylittyminen.
Puikkoliittimin kootut liitokset ovat sitkeitä niiden murtuessa jollakin puikkoliitosteorian määrittelemistä murtotavoista. Puikkoliitoksissa hauraita murtotapoja ovat halkeilu ja liitosalueen murto, joita ei käsitellä puikkoliitosteoriassa. Nämä murtotavat johtuvat puun leikkaus tai syytä vastaan kohtisuoran vetolujuuden ylittymisestä. Halkeilun todennäköisyyttä voidaan vähentää käyttämällä hoikkia liittimiä ja riittäviä reuna- ja päätyetäisyyksiä sekä liitinvälejä. Halkeamisriski on myös pienempi liittimillä (kuten pultit ja ruuvit), jotka pystyvät siirtämään liittimen pituusakselin suuntaisia voimia. Vinoruuvien, joiden kaltevuuskulma on > 30°, yleisimmät murtomekanismit on hauraita.
Eurokoodi 5 ei ota riittävästi huomioon sitkeyttä suunnittelukriteerinä. Kaikki mekaasesti liitettyjen rakenteiden tunnetut vauriomekanismit ovat otettu huomioon. Niitä ei kuitenkaan ole yksilöity, eikä hauraiden mekanismien käyttöä rajoiteta. Eurokoodi 8:n säännöt pyrkivät estämään hauraiden ratkaisujen käytön seismisillä alueilla. Ohjeiden ylimalkaisuus ja nykyaikaisten ratkaisuiden kuten ristiinliimatun massiivipuun ja vinoruuviliitosten puuttuminen on kuitenkin puute Eurokoodissa 8.
Puun halkeilua voidaan estää vahvistamalla rakennetta syitä vastaan kohtisuorassa suunnassa. Vahvistamiseen on kehitetty useita toimivaksi todettuja ratkaisuita. Näiden ratkaisuiden vaatiminen sitkeitä puurakenteita suunniteltaessa tulisi sisällyttää standardeihin
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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