14 research outputs found
How gestures support children's linguistic-communicative and cognitive development
No full textWhile communicating, people frequently use visual articulators, such as hand gestures, together with speech. Speech and gestures form a tightly integrated communicative system during language production and comprehension. This article focuses on two functions of gestures: (1) how gestures produced with speech facilitate communication, (2) how producing gestures or observing others' gestures facilitates learning and cognitive development. To do so, this article reviews and discusses the findings of empirical studies conducted with children of various ages who do not yet have adult like communicative and cognitive skills and hence, are more susceptible to the facilitative role of gestures. The first goal of this article was to examine to what extent and how gestures support communication skills. Prior work on vocabulary development, learning to combine words into sentences, relational language use, and problem-solving support the idea that gestures facilitate communication by allowing children to express concepts that they have developed but cannot yet express in speech. The second goal of this article was to examine to what extent and how gestures support learning and cognitive development. Studies on children's learning of relational concepts (e.g., space, events) and the development of math abilities show that using gestures and observing others' gestures not only have communicative functions but can also support learning and cognitive development. This line of work suggests that gestures facilitate learning and cognitive development by providing a tool for efficiently encoding, storing and manipulating information, guiding attention to the linguistic or conceptual information that is critical for completing a cognitive task, and encoding abstract concepts concretely. Finally, the questions that remain open in the developmental literature with regard to the facilitative role of gestures on communicative and cognitive development and suggestions for further research are discussed
Muhammed bin Mustafa tarafından istinsah edilen tabirname (82b-130a) (inceleme-metin-dizin tıpkıbasım)
No full textBu tezde üzerinde çalışılan eser, Süleymaniye Yazma Eserler Kütüphanesi Reisül-Küttab 450 numarada kayıtlı bulunan ve Muhammed bin Mustafa tarafından istinsah edilen tabirnamedir. 17. yüzyılda istinsah edilen eser, Eski Anadolu Türkçesi geleneksel imla özellikleri taşımaktadır. Her sayfasında 15 satır bulunan ve kısmı hariç toplam varak sayısı 219 olan eserin ilk 8 varağı fihrist kısmına ayrılmıştır. Harekesiz nesih ile kaleme alınan eser, mensur şekilde yazılmıştır. Çalışma inceleme, metin, dizin ve tıpkıbasım olmak üzere dört bölümden oluşmaktadır. Giriş kısmında literatürde daha önce yapılmış tabirname çalışmaları, üzerinde çalışılan eserin müstensihi olan Muhammed bin Mustafa'nın hayatı, eserin nüshası, yazılış tarihi ve içeriği hakkında bilgilere yer verilmiştir. İnceleme bölümünde metnin barındırdığı yazım, ses ve şekil özellikleri üzerinde durulmuştur. Metin bölümünde, eserin 82b-130a varaklarının transkripsiyon alfabesine aktarımı yapılmıştır. Ayet ve hadisler, metinde Arap harfli olarak verilip günümüz Türkçesi çevirileri dipnotta belirtilmiştir. Dizin bölümünde ise metinde geçen bütün kelimeler alfabetik olarak sıralanıp metinde geçen anlamları ile verilmiştir. Son bölümde esas alınan nüshanın 82b-130a varaklarının tıpkıbasımına yer verilmiştir. Eserin içeriği hakkında var olan boşlukların giderilmesi ve oldukça mühim olan bu eserin literatüre kazandırılması bu tezin temel amaçları arasındadır.The work studied in this thesis is the tabirname, which is registered in Süleymaniye Manuscript Library, numbered Reisül-Küttab 450 and inscribed by Muhammed bin Mustafa. Written in the 17th century, the work has the traditional orthographic features of Old Anatolian Turkish. The work has 15 lines on each page and the total number of 219 pages, excluding the content section, and the first 8 pages of the work are devoted to the fihrist section. The work, which is written in nesih with no gestures, is written in prose. The study consists of four parts: review, text, index and facsimile. In the introduction part, information about the previous studies of tabirname in the literature, the life of Muhammad bin Mustafa, who is the author of the work, the copy of the work, the date of writing and its content are given. In the analysis section, the spelling, sound and morphological features of the text are emphasized. In the text section, the transcription of the work's 82b-130a varaks into the transcription alphabet was made. The verses and hadiths are given in the text in Arabic script and their translations into contemporary Turkish are given in footnotes. In the index section, all the words in the text are listed alphabetically and given with their meanings in the text. In the last section, a facsimile edition of the 82b-130a of the original manuscript is given. The main aims of this thesis are to fill the gaps about the content of the work and to bring this very important work to the literature
An impossible effort in the works of Fyodor Mihaylovich Dostoyevski and Oğuz Atay: the search for the self
No full textÖZET: Bu çalışmada, Fyodor Dostoyevski’nin Öteki ve Yeraltından Notlar ile Oğuz Atay’ın Tutunamayanlar ve Tehlikeli Oyunlar isimli eserlerine odaklanılarak; ilk bölümde, gecikmiş modernleşmenin tarihsel bağlamı genel hatlarıyla incelenecektir. Atay ve Dostoyevski’nin Batılılaşmayı nasıl deneyimledikleri; bu sürecin onların eserlerine, yazarlık deneyimine nasıl yansıdığı ve karakterlerinin ben denilen alanını nasıl şekillendirdiği üzerinde durulurken Harold Bloom’un “etkilenme endişesi” ve Girard’ın üçgen arzu kuramından faydanılacaktır. İkinci bölümde ise, Atay ve Dostoyevski’nin kendi benini aramakla ilgili olan karakterlerinin “ben” derken ne demek istediğinden yola çıkılarak iki yazarın da romanlarında ana motif haline getirdiği kendilik arayışı sorgulanacaktır. Söz konusu eserlerdeki karakterlerin kendilik arayışı; Bakhtin’in çok seslilik ve diyaloji kavramlarından yararlanılarak; “Estetik Etkinlikte Sanat ve Kahraman” ile Dostoyevski Poetikasının Sorunları isimli çalışmalarına odaklanılarak tartışılacaktır.ABSTRACT: In this study, the historical context of delayed modernization will be examined in general terms by focusing on Fyodor Dostoyevsky’s The Double and the Notes from the Underground and Oğuz Atay’s The Disconnected and Tehlikeli Oyunlar. Harold Bloom’s the anxiety of influence and Girard’s triangular desire theory will be used while focusing on how Atay and Dostoyevsky experienced Westernization, how this process reflected on their works and writing experience, and how they shaped their characters’ area called “I”. In the second part, the search for the “I”, which is the main motif of both authors in their novels, will be questioned based on what Atay and Dostoyevsky’s characters, who are about searching for their own self, mean when they say “I”. The search for the self of the characters in the works in question will be discussed by focusing on Bakhtin’s works titled “Author and Hero in Aesthetic Activity” and the Problems of Dostoevsky’s Poetics, using Bakhtin’s concepts of polyphony and dialogue
A structural analysis of Susan Sontag's Alice in Bed
No full textYapısalcılık kavramı edebiyat dışında; psikoloji, felsefe, sanat gibi pek çok alanda, 1960'lı yıllardan sonra kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Yapısalcı çözümlemede bir edebi metinde yapının altında yatan gizli anlamları ortaya çıkarır, eserin temelindeki farklı anlamlar ve motifler derinlemesine incelenir. Bir başka deyişle metin çözümlenirken parçadan bütüne gidilir. Edebi eserin en küçük yapı birimi olan sözcükler en küçük parça kabul edilir. Dilbilim kuramından ortaya çıkan "göstergebilim" ise sonraki yıllarda yeni bir bilim dalı oluşturmuştur. Göstergebilim edebiyatın yanı sıra reklamcılık, fotoğraf, satış teknikleri vb. gibi pek çok farklı alanda da kullanılır. Yapısalcılık kuramı da göstergebilim ve dilbilimin yanı sıra tarih sosyoloji, feminizm gibi pek çok farklı alandan yararlanır. Dil yapısının sürekli geliştiğini savunan kuramcılar post-yapısalcılık kavramını ortaya çıkarırlar. Yapısalcı çözümleme ve post-yapısalcı yaklaşım pek çok araştırma alanında uygulandığı gibi tiyatro eserlerinin çözümlenme ve sahneye taşınması sürecinde de kullanılır. Tiyatro alanında yapılan yapısalcı çözümlemelerin sayısının az olduğu görülür. Yapısalcı çözümleme ile tiyatro alanında yapılacak çalışmalar metnin farklı bir bakış açısıyla yorumlanmasını ve sahnelenmesini sağlar. Bu tez çalışmasında, Amerikalı yazar Susan Sontag'ın yazdığı Alice Yatakta oyunu yapısalcı çözümleme ile analiz edilmiştir. Alice James'in yaşantısından ve Carroll'ın eseri olan Alice Harikalar Diyarında'dan pek çok izler taşıyan Alice Yatakta oyunu, metinler arası ilişki kurmanın yanı sıra alt yapısında pek çok alegorik anlatım, motifler ve imgeler gizlemektedir. Bu bağlamda 'deneme' çalışması olarak ele alınan Alice Yatakta oyunun metinlerarası ilişki, kullanılan dil ve üslup açısından, alambirimlerine ayrılarak incelendiğinde postdramatik tiyatro oyunu özellikleri taşıdığı görülür.The concept of structuralism, originating in literature, has been employed in various fields such as psychology, philosophy, and art since the 1960s. In structural analysis, hidden meanings underlying the structure of a literary text are revealed, and the different meanings and motifs at the core of the work are deeply explored. In other words, the text is analyzed from parts to whole. The smallest units of literary works, words, are considered as the smallest pieces. The theory of semiotics, emerging from linguistic theory, later gave rise to a new branch of science. Semiotics is used in various fields beyond literature, including advertising, photography, and sales techniques. Structuralism theory also draws from various other fields such as history, sociology, and feminism, in addition to semiotics and linguistics. Theorists advocating the constant evolution of language introduce the concept of post-structuralism. Both structural analysis and post-structuralist approach are applied not only in various research areas but also in the process of analyzing and staging theatrical works. It is observed that there are few structural analyses conducted in the field of theater. Structural analysis in theater allows for the interpretation and staging of texts from a different perspective. In this thesis, the play "Alice in Bed" written by American author Susan Sontag is analyzed through structuralist analysis. "Alice in Bed," bearing many traces from the life of Alice James and Carroll's work "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland," hides many allegorical expressions, motifs, and images in its structure, besides establishing intertextual relationships. In this context, when "Alice in Bed" is examined as an 'essay' work in terms of intertextual relationships, language used, and style, it is seen to possess characteristics of post-dramatic theater
How Gestures Support Children’s Linguistic–Communicative and Cognitive Development
No full textWhile communicating, people frequently use visual articulators, such as hand gestures, together with speech. Speech and gestures form a tightly integrated communicative system during language production and comprehension. This article focuses on two functions of gestures: (1) how gestures produced with speech facilitate communication, (2) how producing gestures or observing others’ gestures facilitates learning and cognitive development. To do so, this article reviews and discusses the findings of empirical studies conducted with children of various ages who do not yet have adultlike communicative and cognitive skills and hence, are more susceptible to the facilitative role of gestures. The first goal of this article was to examine to what extent and how gestures support communication skills. Prior work on vocabulary development, learning to combine words into sentences, relational language use, and problem-solving support the idea that gestures facilitate communication by allowing children to express concepts that they have developed but cannot yet express in speech. The second goal of this article was to examine to what extent and how gestures support learning and cognitive development. Studies on children’s learning of relational concepts (e.g., space, events) and the development of math abilities show that using gestures and observing others’ gestures not only have communicative functions but can also support learning and cognitive development. This line of work suggests that gestures facilitate learning and cognitive development by providing a tool for efficiently encoding, storing and manipulating information, guiding attention to the linguistic or conceptual information that is critical for completing a cognitive task, and encoding abstract concepts concretely. Finally, the questions that remain open in the developmental literature with regard to the facilitative role of gestures on communicative and cognitive development and suggestions for further research are discussed
Corrigendum to “Experiences of loneliness in lower- and middle-income countries:A systematic review of qualitative studies”[Soc. Sci. Med. Volume 340, January 2024, 116438] (Social Science & Medicine (2024) 340, (S0277953623007955), (10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116438))
No full textThe authors regret to inform that the anonymous version of the article was published, as indicated by the instances “blinded for review” throughout the manuscript. The following information needs to be added: 1. The protocol number registered on Prospero is CRD42022337874.2. Author roles throughout the review process: SA screened all abstracts. IP screened one third of the abstracts. SA and WV assessed the eligibility of the articles. AR and LH were consulted in cases where consensus could not be reached. SA and WV extracted the data. SA coded all articles independently. One fourth of articles was additionally coded by WE and VL. SA, WV, and LH independently assessed the quality of included studies. RM and MP were consulted on the quality appraisal.3. The reference that was blinded for review on p. 14 refers to the qualitative study with Thai and Myanmar older adults by Akhter-Khan et al. (2024).The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused.</p
Experiences of loneliness in lower- and middle-income countries: A systematic review of qualitative studies
No full textLoneliness is understood as a subjective experience resulting from unmet social relationship expectations. As most loneliness research has been conducted in higher-income-countries, there is limited understanding of loneliness in relation to diverse cultural, economic, and socio-political factors. To address this gap, the present review systematically synthesises existing qualitative studies on the experience of loneliness and social relationship expectations in lower- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Between June and July 2022, six online databases (Embase, Ovid Medline, APA PsycINFO, Global Health, Web of Science, Google Scholar) were searched for peer-reviewed studies from LMICs on loneliness using qualitative methods. There were no restrictions on publication date, language, or study setting. Studies that solely focused on social isolation or were conducted with children (<16 years) were excluded. Risk of bias was assessed with the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme. After deduplication, a total of 7866 records were identified and screened for inclusion, resulting in 24 studies published between 2002 and 2022. The included studies represent data from 728 participants in 15 countries across West Africa (Ghana, Nigeria, Niger, Mali), East Africa (Uganda, Kenya), North Africa (Egypt), West Asia (Iran), South Asia (India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka) and Southeast Asia (Myanmar, Cambodia, Indonesia, Philippines). Data were analysed combining inductive and deductive coding, summarised using narrative synthesis, and examined by geographical region. Common features of loneliness included rejection, overthinking, and pain. Loneliness was related to depression across regions. Whereas loneliness tended to be distinguished from social isolation in studies from Africa, it tended to be related with being alone in studies from Asia. Poverty and stigma were common barriers to fulfilling social relationship expectations. This review illustrates how loneliness and expectations are contextually embedded, with some expectations possibly being specific to a certain culture or life stage, having implications for assessment of and interventions for loneliness worldwide
Experiences of loneliness in lower- and middle-income countries:A systematic review of qualitative studies
No full textLoneliness is understood as a subjective experience resulting from unmet social relationship expectations. As most loneliness research has been conducted in higher-income-countries, there is limited understanding of loneliness in relation to diverse cultural, economic, and socio-political factors. To address this gap, the present review systematically synthesises existing qualitative studies on the experience of loneliness and social relationship expectations in lower- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Between June and July 2022, six online databases (Embase, Ovid Medline, APA PsycINFO, Global Health, Web of Science, Google Scholar) were searched for peer-reviewed studies from LMICs on loneliness using qualitative methods. There were no restrictions on publication date, language, or study setting. Studies that solely focused on social isolation or were conducted with children (<16 years) were excluded. Risk of bias was assessed with the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme. After deduplication, a total of 7866 records were identified and screened for inclusion, resulting in 24 studies published between 2002 and 2022. The included studies represent data from 728 participants in 15 countries across West Africa (Ghana, Nigeria, Niger, Mali), East Africa (Uganda, Kenya), North Africa (Egypt), West Asia (Iran), South Asia (India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka) and Southeast Asia (Myanmar, Cambodia, Indonesia, Philippines). Data were analysed combining inductive and deductive coding, summarised using narrative synthesis, and examined by geographical region. Common features of loneliness included rejection, overthinking, and pain. Loneliness was related to depression across regions. Whereas loneliness tended to be distinguished from social isolation in studies from Africa, it tended to be related with being alone in studies from Asia. Poverty and stigma were common barriers to fulfilling social relationship expectations. This review illustrates how loneliness and expectations are contextually embedded, with some expectations possibly being specific to a certain culture or life stage, having implications for assessment of and interventions for loneliness worldwide.</p
International Symposium for Production Research, ISPR 2023
No full textQuality controls are activities to evaluate the level of conformity of product attributes and optimal quality objectives. When 100% inspection is applied in quality control processes, sampling is used because it causes high costs, long control times and product damage. Acceptance sampling, which is a statistical method, determines whether the lot can be accepted or rejected in line with the tests performed on the samples taken from the lot. The acceptance sampling plan depends on multiple factors such as the level used, the degree of control applied, the lot size, and the acceptable quality level. For this reason, the use of standard sampling plans that increase the validity of quality control operations can be expressed. In this paper, acceptance process applications were studied for a the company that demonstrates textile industry studies. In this the company, the control processes entered the products in the batch of different sizes coming from the regulations used for the contract are applied. To determine the acceptance listening, the execution of the lot, the control measurement dimensions entered first, the reasons for the return of the the company’s four product groups and the AQL reports are reviewed, and the statistical evaluations of the quality controls come to an end. Next steps, using ANSI/ASQ Z-1.4, observations suitable for lot sizes and appropriate acceptance-rejection details were determined and compared with the size and decision points of the the company. Cause-effect diagrams do not take into account the reasons that cause the returns to be made so that the possible reasons for the returns can be examined. Finally, according to the results of the sampling, solutions were found to make the dimensions for these reasons. Cause-effect diagrams do not take into account the reasons that cause the returns, so that possible causes of the returns can be examined. Finally, according to the sampling results, solutions were found for sizing for these reasons. It is recommended to taken 50 samples from lot sizes between 281–500, 80 samples from 501–1200 lot sizes, and 125 samples for lot sizes between 1201 and 3200. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024
International Symposium for Production Research, ISPR 2023
No full textIn today’s businesses, supply chain management is a critical factor in terms of efficiency, profitability and cost savings. The success of the supply chain is possible with the right management of the rings such as warehousing and logistics activities. Deficiencies in warehouse and logistics management can lead to inefficiencies and errors in the supply chain, which can have negative effects on business profitability and customer satisfaction. Strategic decisions regarding warehouse locations are vital for cost policies. In this study, a warehouse location selection procedure is proposed for an electrical home appliances company considering the distances to the customers, their transaction volumes, and various other costs. The approach is basically a two-stage facility layout problem that first solves a weighted Euclidean minisum model defined on a continuous plane. Then, four alternative locations that are close to the result obtained in the first step are determined. In addition, two lands owned by the firm are added to the set of alternatives. Next, a p-median (1-median) model is solved and the most suitable warehouse location is determined. Through sensitivity analysis, the changes in the solution are searched for various rent values. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024
