1,720,956 research outputs found
Emergency management capabilities of interdependent systems: framework for analysis
Full text linkThe management of emergencies affecting interdependent critical infrastructure (CI) systems is a complex issue of increasing concern. The existence of multiple cascading effects, limited situational awareness, and the need for coordination between several actors are factors that justify the conceptualisation of CI as a complex adaptive system (CAS). Although the capability concept has been extensively adopted in emergency management (EM) literature, proper classification and modelling of CI systems is lacking. This study aims to adopt a capability-based approach for EM to improve the adaptability to the prevailing and unpredictable circumstances, based on a combination of literature review and field research. It proposes a classification and modelling framework for the analysis of the intra- and inter-organisational capabilities using a pilot application involving the Italy–Switzerland cross-border transport infrastructure. This framework is suitable for modelling the EM capabilities under different operational contexts and emergency scenarios. Moreover, it enables the representation and description of a CI system through elementary components that capture the main features of a CAS. The obtained results indicate that the proposed framework can foster public–private collaboration in the development of CI protection and resilience programmes
Modelling emergency management capabilities and information flows of interdependent systems
Full text linkGood practices for critical infrastructure resilience: a classification and assessment framework
Full text linkThe fast-growing occurrence of unexpected events affecting Critical Infrastructure (CI) systems in recent years fostered a shift from a protection-focused approach to CI Resilience (CIR). In this context, the increasing number of interdependencies, which generate domino effects and cascading failures, led to the call for establishing collaborative approaches and partnerships at the regional, national or international level. To support and implement CIR strategies, governments and CI operators often rely on Good Practices (GPs), generally defined as methods or techniques that are applied to solve existing problems producing effective results and bringing benefits to the users. Despite the high number of GPs, they are often insufficient to cover the wide spectrum of capabilities required for effective Emergency Management (EM). In this study, the systematic analysis and review of scientific literature and European projects in the CIR domain, led to the identification of 53 GPs that have proven to be effective in managing CIR. To enable comparison among the GPs the study proceeds with the development of a framework for classifying and assessing GPs according to their application context, the activities and functionalities covered, and the EM capabilities they are able to support. From a research perspective, the framework offers a robust background for future assessment and benchmarking of CIR related GPs; it is also useful for practitioners to assess and select the most suitable GPs under different institutional and operational contexts
Cross-border Digital Platform for Transport Critical Infrastructure Resilience: Functionalities and Use-case
Full text linkThe resilience of increasingly interdependent Critical Infrastructure (CI) systems hugely depends on the stakeholder organizations’ ability to exchange information and coordinate, while CI’s cross-border dimension further increases the complexity and challenges. This paper presents the progress in the Lombardy Region (Italy) and Canton Ticino (Switzerland) on the joint capacity to manage disruptive events involving transportation CI between the two countries. We present a cross-border digital platform (Critical Infrastructure Platform – PIC) and its main functionalities for improved cross-border risk and resilience management of CI. A use case, based on a scenario of an intense snowfall along the transboundary motorway impacting both countries, demonstrates how PIC advances the exchange of information, its visualization and analysis in real-time. The use case also shows the practical value of the digital platform and its potential to support the management of cross-border events (and their cascading events) that require the cooperation of Italian and Swiss actors
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
- …
