1,720,954 research outputs found
Mass Treatment of Flooded Archival Materials by Gamma Radiation
Get PDFThis work describes mass recovery processes of flooded archival materials at industrial scale. The presence of fungi on paper represents a threat to the integrity of the document because they degrade cellulose, one of the main components of paper. Gamma radiation treatments are investigated as mass disinfection agents for their high penetrating power, speed of treatment, and absence of risk due to chemical residuals. We compared two different recovery processes: thermal drying followed by gamma irradiation and gamma irradiation followed by thermal drying. Both these processes were conducted simultaneously on naturally contaminated archival items and on paper specimens artificially contaminated with test species. Efficacy was assessed by culture method and ATP assay, right after the treatments and after four years of storage at room temperature. Coupling gamma irradiation with a drying step with dry heat at 55-60 °C reduces the fungal loads on natural items up to levels close to the detection limits, and the reduction is maintained after four years. On artificial specimens, spore germination is completely inhibited, mycelia growth is also highly affected, but the melanised test species appear to be more resistant. A synergistic effect between gamma irradiation, water content, and thermal drying is highlighted in this paper.Dieser Beitrag beschreibt die Behandlung flutbeschädigter Archivmaterialien in industriellem Maßstab. Schimmelpilze auf Papier stellen ein potentielles Risiko für Archivgut dar, weil sie die Zellulose, einen der Hauptbestandteile von Papier, abbauen. In der vorliegenden Studie wurden Möglichkeiten einer Behandlung von gefährdetem Archivmaterial mittels Gammastrahlung untersucht. Gammastrahlen haben eine hohe Durchdringungskraft, die Behandlung ist in kurzer Zeit durchführbar und hinterlässt keine chemischen Rückstände. Zwei verschiedene Verfahren wurden dabei verglichen: thermische Trocknung gefolgt von Gammabestrahlung und Gammabestrahlung gefolgt von thermischer Trocknung. Beide Prozesse wurden gleichzeitig an natürlich kontaminierten Archivalien und an künstlich mit Schimmelpilzen kontaminierten Papierproben durchgeführt. Die Wirksamkeit wurde durch Anlegen und Auswerten von Schimmelkulturen und ATP-Assay direkt nach den Behandlungen und nach vierjähriger Lagerung bei Raumtemperatur beurteilt. Durch die Kopplung der Gammabestrahlung mit einem Trocknungsschritt bei trockener Hitze (55–60 °C) konnte die Schimmelpilzbelastung bis nahe an die Nachweisgrenze reduziert werden; auch nach vier Jahren konnten kaum Schimmelpilze nachgewiesen werden. An künstlich kontaminierten Proben wurde die Sporenkeimung vollständig gehemmt und auch das Myzelwachstum stark beeinträchtigt, die melanisierte Spezies scheint jedoch resistenter zu sein. Besonders zeigte sich in dieser Studie ein synergetischer Effekt zwischen Gammabestrahlung, Wassergehalt und thermischer Trocknung
Lettuce fortification through vitamin B12-producing bacteria – proof of concept study
Get PDFBACKGROUND: Vitamin B-12 (cobalamin) can be produced de novo only by certain bacteria and archaea. It plays a crucial role in the health of animals and humans, which obtain it only through diet, mainly from animal products. This study aimed to identify endophytic bacterial strains capable of synthesizing vitamin B(12 )and enriching edible plants with it as a potential solution for vitamin B(12 )deficiency in vegetarians, vegans, and people with poor diets. RESULTS: An in silico genome analysis was performed on 66 bacterial genomes, including the reference strain Pseudomonas denitrificans ATCC 13867, a known vitamin B(12 )producer. The genomes were analyzed using the Rapid Annotations using Subsystems Technology (RAST) server and the MetaCyc database to verify the presence and completeness of the vitamin B(12 )metabolic pathway. The ability of the strains to produce vitamin B(12 )was confirmed with a high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD) analysis of pure culture extracts. Eleven strains produced detectable amounts of vitamin B(12 )under tested conditions. The best performing candidates were further tested for their efficacy in producing vitamin B(12 )in lettuce grown under sterile conditions on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with or without CoCl2 supplementation. Methylobacterium sp. strain P1-11 produced detectable amounts of vitamin B(12 )in planta: 1.654 and 2.559 mu g per g of dry weight without and with CoCl2 supplementation, respectively. CONCLUSION: This is the first time a bacterial endophyte was used to produce vitamin B(12 )in planta, suggesting that bacterial endophytes could be utilized to enhance the nutraceutical values of plant-based foods. (c) 2025 The Author(s). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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