1,720,986 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Avaliação da ação sinérgica entre a nimesulida e os antifúngicos cetoconazol e nistatina sobre isolados clínicos cérvico-vaginais de Candida spp.
Get PDFA resistência aos antifúngicos em casos de candidíase vulvovaginal (CVV) afeta cada vez mais mulheres mundialmente, sendo uma recorrência em consultas ginecológicas. A necessidade de novas terapias eficazes e a dificuldade em introduzir antifúngicos no mercado farmacêutico, torna a combinação de fármacos uma estratégia terapêutica rápida e interessante para solucionar tal problema. O presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a associação da nimesulida, um anti-inflamatório não-esteroidal, com antifúngicos utilizados em tratamentos tópicos para candidíase vaginal (cetoconazol e nistatina). Secundariamente, nós relacionamos o perfil de suscetibilidade de isolados clínicos provenientes de unidades básicas de saúde do sul do Brasil. A metodologia de microdiluição em caldo foi utilizada para os testes de suscetibilidade, e o método de Checkerboard foi usado para avaliar o efeito sinérgico da nimesulida com os antifúngicos. Altas porcentagens de isolados resistentes aos antifúngicos testados foram observadas: 75% dos isolados foram resistentes ao fluconazol e 36,1% ao itraconazol, bem como 22,2% apresentaram baixa suscetibilidade ao cetoconazol e 55% à nistatina A associação da nimesulida e cetoconazol demonstrou efeito sinérgico para 62,5% dos isolados de Candida spp. testados, incluindo isolados de C. albicans, C. glabrata e C. tropicalis. Por outro lado, a associação de nimesulida e nistatina resultou em 100% de indiferença
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Novel 8-hydroxyquinoline analogues for control of difficult-to-treat fungi
No full textO número de pacientes acometidos por alguma infecção fúngica tem crescido nos últimos anos e afetam cerca de 1,2 bilhões de indivíduos no mundo. Dermatófitos, Candida spp. e Fusarium spp. são fungos oportunistas relacionados a infecções que apresentam difícil tratamento devido à resistência, uma vez que poucos medicamentos em uma quantidade limitada de classes estão disponíveis no mercado. Novas alternativas terapêuticas vêm sendo exploradas para combater a resistência e a recidiva dessas infecções fúngicas. Neste sentido, a 8-hidroxiquinolina destaca-se como importante alternativa por possuir ampla possibilidade de modificações em várias posições na sua estrutura. Estudos já realizados pelo grupo de pesquisa mostraram que a 8-hidroxiquinolina e seus análogos inibem efetivamente o crescimento de Candida spp. e dermatófitos com raros relatos de resistência. Sendo assim, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar novos análogos da 8-hidroxiquinolina com potencial efeito antifúngico frente às espécies de fungos dermatófitos, Candida e Fusarium. A triagem contra um painel de fungos demonstrou que o composto PH192 apresentou o melhor efeito inibitório com faixa de MIC de 2 - 32 μg/mL. Além disso, o estudo do mecanismo de ação demonstrou que o análogo apresenta o mesmo mecanismo de ação que o clioquinol, atividade quelante de metal. Ao associar os antifúngicos, a combinação nitroxolina + clioquinol + ciclopirox demonstrou um efeito sinérgico em 75% dos isolados testados, demonstrando que o efeito pode estar associado à potencialização da ação do clioquinol e nitroxolina por apresentarem o mesmo mecanismo de ação. A utilização das moscas D. melanogaster como modelo alternativo de infecção demonstrou que a utilização de moscas Toll-deficiente pode ser um modelo adequado para estudos comparativos de dermatofitoses causadas por diferentes espécies, além de avaliar novas terapias para o combate deste tipo de infecção.The number of patients affected by a fungal infection has grown in recent years and affects around 1.2 billion people worldwide. Dermatophytes, Candida spp., and Fusarium spp. are opportunistic fungi related to infections that are difficult to treat due to resistance since few drugs in a limited number of classes are available on the market. New therapeutic alternatives are being explored to combat resistance and recurrence of these fungal infections. In this sense, 8-hydroxyquinoline stands out as an important alternative because it has ample scope for modification at various positions in its structure. Studies already carried out by the research group have shown that 8-hydroxyquinoline and its analogs effectively inhibit the growth of Candida spp. and dermatophytes, with rare reports of resistance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate new analogs of 8-hydroxyquinoline with potential antifungal effects against dermatophyte fungi, Candida, and Fusarium species. Screening against a panel of fungi showed that compound PH192 had the best inhibitory effect with an MIC range of 2 - 32 μg/mL. In addition, the study of the mechanism of action showed that the analog has the same mechanism of action as the clioquinol, metal chelating activity. When combining the antifungals, the combination of nitroxoline + clioquinol + ciclopirox showed a synergistic effect on 75% of the isolates tested, demonstrating that the effect may be associated with the potentiation of the action of clioquinol and nitroxoline as they have the same mechanism of action. The use of D. melanogaster flies as an alternative infection model demonstrated that the use of Toll-deficient flies may be a suitable model for comparative studies of dermatophytoses caused by different species, as well as evaluating new therapies to combat this type of infection
Antidermatophytic activity of clioquinol combined with ciclopirox and terbinafine in in vitro and ex vivo tests
No full textEstima-se que as infecções fúngicas superficiais afetam cerca de 20 a 25% da população mundial. As dermatofitoses são conhecidas por acometer tanto os animais quanto os seres humanos. Pelo menos 30% das infecções por patógenos dermatofíticos em seres humanos são de causa zoonótica. O aumento da incidência dos casos de infecções fúngicas, associados com a falha terapêutica tem se tornado um grande desafio. Novas alternativas terapêuticas vêm sendo adotadas para o combate da resistência e recidiva dessas infecções fúngicas, tais como a reintrodução de fármacos no mercado e a terapia combinada. Desta forma, as atuais circunstâncias justificam o estudo da atividade antidermatofítica do clioquinol quando combinado com outros antifúngicos. Interações sinérgicas foram observadas para as associações testadas de clioquinol + terbinafina (42%), clioquinol + ciclopirox (50%) e clioquinol + ciclopirox + terbinafina (75%) e nenhum caso de antagonismo foi observado. As combinações duplas e triplas obtiveram efeito fungicida dependente do tempo para o isolado T. rubrum (TRU47). A combinação clioquinol + terbinafina não apresentou toxicidade em leucócitos humanos. Todas as associações testadas apresentaram baixa toxicidade em modelos alternativos como pele de orelha de suínos (não mostrando lesões microscópicas) e embriões de galinha (sendo classificadas como não irritantes). Quando analisados os resultados da atividade antidermatofítica das combinações dos agentes antifúngicos em cascos suínos, nota-se que apenas as combinações duplas conseguiram remover 100% das unidades formadoras de colônias (UFCs) formadas nos cascos suínos. Na inibição da formação do biofilme em pelos de origem animal, a combinação mais efetiva foi do clioquinol + ciclopirox. Entretanto, no ensaio de erradicação do biofilme pré-formado as melhores combinaçõess foram a associação tripla e clioquinol + terbinafina, removendo quase que 100% das células. Em conjunto, os resultados deste estudo são altamente relevantes, pois baixas concentrações de agentes antifúngicos foram combinadas e obteve-se melhor ação e menor toxicidade. Desta forma, a utilização do clioquinol em combinação com fármacos antifúngicos é um achado sem precedentes e que, futuramente, poderá ser aplicado na clínica médica.Superficial fungal infections are estimated to affect about 20 to 25% of the world population. Dermatophytoses are known to affect both animals and humans. At least 30% of infections by dermatophyte pathogens in humans are of zoonotic cause. The increased incidence of cases of fungal infections, associated with therapeutic failure has become a major challenge. New therapeutic alternatives have been adopted to combat the resistance and recurrence of these fungal infections, such as the reintroduction of drugs on the market and combination therapy. Thus, the current circumstances justify the study of the antidermatophytic activity of clioquinol when combined with other antifungals. Synergistic interactions were observed for the tested combinations of clioquinol + terbinafine (42%), clioquinol + cyclopyrox (50%) and clioquinol + cyclopyrox + terbinafine (75%) and no case of antagonism was observed. The double and triple combinations obtained a time-dependent fungicidal effect for the T. rubrum isolate (TRU47). The combination clioquinol + terbinafine did not show toxicity in human leukocytes. All tested associations showed low toxicity in alternative models such as pig ear skin (showing no microscopic lesions) and chicken embryos (being classified as non-irritating). When analyzing the results of the antidermatophytic activity of the combinations of antifungal agents in pig hooves, it is noted that only the double combinations were able to remove 100% of the colony forming units (CFU) formed in the pig hooves. In inhibiting the formation of biofilm in animal hair, the most effective combination was clioquinol + ciclopirox. However, in the preformed biofilm eradication test, the best combinations were the triple association and clioquinol + terbinafine, removing almost 100% of the cells. Together, the results of this study are highly relevant, since low concentrations of antifungal agents were combined and better action and less toxicity were obtained. Thus, the use of clioquinol in combination with antifungal drugs is an unprecedented finding and that, in the future, may be applied in the medical clinic
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