1,720,993 research outputs found
Políticas para Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação baseadas em evidências
No full textA Importância de CT&I para a Economia e Sociedade. CT&I como Motor do Crescimento e Desenvolvimento Econômico. Benefícios Sistêmicos e Impactos Sociais de CT&
Fortalecimento do Sistema Único de Saúde: Avaliação da Eficácia das Políticas de Gastos Públicos nas Redes de Cuidados Materno-Neonatais e de Urgência e Emergência
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Transferências condicionais de renda e nutrição: uma avaliação do Programa Bolsa Família nas áreas rurais e urbanas do Brasil
No full textA pobreza no Brasil é um problema histórico e tem sido alvo de diversas intervenções governamentais, a iniciativa que melhor retrata esse fato é o Programa Bolsa Família-PBF. Este trabalho investiga o efeito desse programa sobre o estado nutricional das crianças e adolescentes beneficiadas. Para tanto, foram utilizados os dados da Pes-quisa de Orçamentos Familiares (2008/2009), conjuntamente com o método Propensity Score Matching-PSM. A caracterização nutricional foi realizada com base em recentes recomendações da Organização Mundial da Saúde-OMS. A amostra estudada inclui crianças e adolescentes menores de 19 anos de idade, permitindo-se efeitos heterogê-neos do programa entre as áreas urbanas e rurais do país. Os resultados indicam que o PBF melhorou os indicadores nutricionais daqueles que pertenciam ao grupo de tra-tamento. Além da transferência de renda, acredita-se que as condicionalidades nas áreas da saúde e educação possam explicar parte desse resultado.Poverty in Brazil is a historical problem and has been the target of several government interventions, the initiative that best depicts this fact is the Bolsa Familia Program-PBF. This article investigates the effect of this program on the nutritional status of children and adolescents benefited. We use data from the Consumer Expenditure Survey, together with the method Propensity Score Matching-PSM. Nutritional characterization was based on recent recommendations of the World Health Organization-WHO. The sample includes children and teenagers under of 19 years old, allowing heterogeneous effects of the program is between urban and rural areas of the country. The results indicate that the PBF improved nutritional indicators those belonging to treatment group. Besides the transfer of income, it is believed that conditionalities on health and education may partly explain this result
Economic and behavioral effects of safety net programs
No full textThis thesis contains three independent but interrelated articles. Essentially, in this work, I empirically investigate the economic and behavioral effects of safety net programs. To do so, I use econometrics techniques allowing for causal inference, combined with high-quality administrative data sets. Below follows a brief description of the three articles that make up this thesis. I start by studying the behavioral effects of a large-scale Conditional Cash Transfer program, the Brazilian Bolsa Família (BF), on voting outcomes. Using a unique database on BF beneficiaries and where they vote, I explore random variation in program coverage among polling stations, a highly disaggregated level of observation with fewer than 400 registered voters. The findings indicate that the cash transfers positively affected voter turnout. I also find a positive effect on the support for the incumbent party that implemented and expanded the program. This positive effect comes from more people participating in the election but also from voters switching their choices, conditional on turnout. The electoral rewards to the incumbent candidate are mostly led by those beneficiaries who entered more recently in the program and the amount of money transferred matters for voting behavior. In the second paper, we examine the effectiveness of cash assistance targeted to disadvantaged youth. We exploit an exogenous variation in the provision of cash transfers from BF Program in Brazil to credibly identify how an additional year of exposure at the critical age of 18 impacts on educational, labor market, and economic self-sufficiency outcomes. We do not find evidence of significant effects of additional exposure to the program on educational attainment and economic self-sufficiency. However, we observe a small (but still positive) impact on school enrollment, which is mostly driven by male beneficiaries. We also find effects on formal labor supply only for men. For them, we show that one additional exposure to the program decreases the probability of working in the formal sector by 5.38 percentage points during the extra year of exposure. Five years later, this pattern reverses to an increase in participation in the formal labor force. Lastly, the third paper studies the effects of a maternity leave extension on labor market outcomes of women in Brazil, using detailed information on workers and firms in the formal labor market. Taking advantage of the exact leave taking dates and the staggered implementation of the extended leave policy across firms, our analysis compares outcomes within firms before and after the eligibility cutoff. While eligible women could have extended their leave period by 50% (from 120 to 180 days), take up only increases by 13 p.p. Also, employment effects are confined to the maternity leave extension spell, with no permanent effects on employment in the long run. Taken together, our findings indicate that this policy privileges a selected group of workers, while it is not able to retain them in the workforce
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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