1,720,962 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Projections of Global Multivariate Wave Climate for the End of The 21st Century: Robustness and Uncertainties
No full textOcean wind-waves are dominant contributors to coastal sea-level and shoreline dynamics and can be primary disruptors of coastal populations, marine ecosystems and coastal and offshore infrastructures. Hence, understanding climate-driven changes in the multivariate global ocean wind-wave climate and its extremes is paramount to successful offshore and coastal climate adaptation planning. When projecting future ocean wave conditions under climate change, uncertainty is introduced from a wide range of different sources including future emission scenario, climate model-forcing, and wind-wave modelling methodology. However, the use of single-method wave downscaling ensembles and inherent variability arising from different methodologies has led to unquantified uncertainty amongst existing global wave climate projections.
This thesis addresses this significant knowledge gap by investigating the current state of knowledge in projected ocean wind-wave climate. It then, for the first time, quantifies the relative significance of these major sources of uncertainty and establishes the robustness among existing global wave climate projections. This thesis addresses former limitations associated with independent studies by performing a unique analysis of a coordinated, multi-method ensemble of future global wave scenarios assembled from ten individual state-of-the-art studies to yield a 155-member ensemble. This thesis analyses significant wave height, mean wave period and mean wave direction and also explores the underlying large-scale drivers of projected future changes in storm ocean wave events which remain largely unknown.
The results of a systematic literature review demonstrate qualitative consensus between existing global and regional-scale wave climate projection studies in terms of a projected increase in mean significant wave height within the Southern Ocean area, Baltic Sea, and tropical eastern Pacific, and a projected decrease in the North Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea. In contrast, current projections of mean ocean significant wave height lack scientific consensus across the remaining ocean regions, with existing projections of extreme wave climate lacking consensus almost everywhere. In addition, results demonstrate a notable lack of knowledge in terms of projected changes in wave period and/or wave direction which are of critical importance, particularly for the mitigation of coastal hazards/risks. Furthermore, the projection uncertainty surrounding wind-wave climate projections has been poorly sampled to date, therefore implying a need for a shift towards a systematic, community-based framework to foster concerted knowledge.
Quantitative analysis of surface wind fields from CMIP5 models used to force dynamical and statistical wave models demonstrate that climate models are typically well capable of reliably reproducing large-scale spatial patterns of historical surface winds, albeit there is considerable uncertainty between models with strong latitudinal dependence. Inter-model uncertainty is ~2-4 times larger than uncertainty stemming from GCM internal variability. In addition, results show that CMIP5 climate models exhibit limitations in their ability to accurately represent inter-annual/seasonal variability particularly within tropical cyclone-affected areas. In further analysis, results that surface wind field bias from climate models are largely intrinsic to their atmospheric core components. Inconsistency between surface wind fields from atmospheric-only and coupled models are largely driven by sea surface temperature errors.
To address the existing limitations surrounding future wave climate, a large 155-member ensemble has been collated from ten contributing organisations as part of the COWCLIP (herein Coordinated Ocean Wave Climate Project) community. The ensemble comprises general and extreme statistics of significant wave height, mean wave period, and mean wave direction computed over historical (1979-2004) and future (2081-2100) time slices. This ensemble comprises data originated from different wave downscaling approaches, multiple climate-model forcing and future emissions scenarios. Results of wave ensemble model skill against satellite-database measurements of ocean significant wave height and multivariate wave reanalysis for the present-day time-slice demonstrate that models are able to successfully represent annual and seasonal wave variable statistics.
Quantitative results derived from this new coordinated multi-method ensemble show, that under a high-emissions scenario, widespread ocean areas exhibit robust changes in annual mean significant wave height and mean wave period of 5-15% and pattern shifts in mean wave direction of 5-15°. Results show that approximately 50% of the world’s coastline is at risk from wave climate change, with ~40% revealing projected robust changes across at least two wave climate variables. Furthermore, results demonstrate that uncertainty in current projections is dominated by climate model-driven uncertainty and also that single-method downscaling studies are unable to resolve up to ~50% of the total uncertainty.
In further analysis, hemispheric-scale changes in extreme ocean wave events are analysed using a set of proposed indices that describe the frequency, magnitude and/or persistency of such events. The results demonstrate changes in high-frequency (sub-annual) extreme wave events of the order of 50 to 100% for global warming exceeding 2° C; thus, nearly doubling the projected future changes expected for global warming stabilizing below 2° C (when globally integrated). These changes exhibit strong inter-hemispheric asymmetry, with an increase over the tropics and high latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere, and a widespread decrease across most of the Northern Hemisphere.
Lastly, statistical comparison between projected future changes and historical large-scale patterns of change demonstrate that projected changes in extreme wave events across the tropics, high latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere region and across most of the Northern Hemisphere are consistent with their historical response to the positive and negative phase modes of the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) and El Nino-Southern-Oscillation (ENSO), respectively. These results highlight that many nations with low-adaptive capacity located within the Southern Hemisphere region (e.g. West Africa, Australia, New Zealand) will likely face increasing exposure to much more frequent extreme wave events in the future.
The results presented in this thesis, and the dataset developed, provide a new perspective on the knowledge on global wave climate projections, providing key insights and support for broad-scale coastal risk and vulnerability assessments and climate adaptation analysis around the world. Whilst the results presented in this thesis have far-reaching implications from many different perspectives, they only address meteorologically-driven changes in ocean wave characteristics. Concentrated community effort is urgently needed to quantify morphologically-driven wave climate change as a contributor to global coastal water level changes, as we look towards improved coastal vulnerability assessments from the climate community.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)School of Eng & Built EnvScience, Environment, Engineering and TechnologyFull Tex
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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