1,721,183 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Cyclin D1 involvment in cell survival
No full textChez la femme, le cancer du sein est le cancer le plus fréquemment diagnostiqué. Différents traitements sont disponibles selon le sous-type tumoral. Cependant, certaines patientes sont réfractaires à ces thérapies et restent vulnérables lors de récidives. Le cancer a longtemps été défini par une division aberrante des cellules, mais aujourd'hui, il est évident que la résistance à la mort cellulaire programmée est un paramètre majeur dans l'étiologie de la maladie. Les cyclines de type D régulent le cycle cellulaire en permettant la transition de la phase G1 à la phase S. Pour cela, elles activent les kinases dépendantes des cyclines 4/6 (CDK4/6) qui phosphorylent les protéines du rétinoblastome ce qui libère le facteur de transcription E2F. La Cycline D1 (CycD1) nucléaire est donc centrale dans le contrôle du cycle. Son gène est amplifié dans les cancers humains et la moitié des patientes atteintes d'un cancer du sein ont une surexpression de CycD1. Par l’activation de CDK4, CycD1 est essentielle à l'apparition et à la progression tumorale. Ainsi, des inhibiteurs spécifiques de CDK4/6 ont été développés contre le cancer du sein. Malheureusement, certaines patientes restent insensibles à ce traitement. À ce titre, le ciblage spécifique de CycD1 pourrait représenter une alternative clinique. En effet, en plus de la régulation du cycle, CycD1 est également impliquée, indépendamment de CDK4, dans la survie des cellules cancéreuses. Cependant, aucun mécanisme de l'impact de CycD1 dans le maintien tumoral n'a été établi pour démontrer ce potentiel thérapeutique. En outre, CycD1 a été décrite dans les organes à l’âge adulte pour réguler le métabolisme du glucose et l'hématopoïèse. Par conséquent, pour éviter tout effet secondaire indésirable, nous avons décidé d’évaluer l’implication potentielle de CycD1 dans les organes adultes. Grâce au Tandem-HTRF, basé sur le transfert d'énergie entre deux anticorps, nous avons révélé la dynamique inattendue de CycD1 dans chaque organe adulte. De plus, nous avons montré que l’altération de l'expression de CycD1 conduit à une diminution des capacités de survie des cellules saines post-mitotiques.Au vu de ces limitations, nous avons développé une nouvelle approche d'ARN interférence spécifique des cellules cancéreuses appelée TAG-RNAi. Cette technologie permet de cibler CycD1 uniquement dans la tumeur afin d'épargner les cellules saines. Cette approche innovante consiste à cibler un tag présent uniquement sur l’ARNm de CycD1 des cellules cancéreuses. Ainsi, nous avons découvert que le ciblage spécifique de CycD1 induit une régression rapide et spontanée des tumeurs dépendantes des oncogènes RAS ou ERBB2. Par protéomique in vivo, j'ai découvert que lors de stress pro-apoptotiques, CycD1 cytoplasmique interagit avec la procaspase-3 et bloque son activation pour empêcher l'apoptose des cellules. Ces travaux démontrent la valeur clinique du ciblage spécifique de CycD1 dans les cancers afin d'améliorer l'efficacité des chimiothérapies.Par conséquent, il restait à déterminer comment appliquer le TAG-RNAi contre CycD1 uniquement dans les cellules cancéreuses des patientes. Puisque le tag exotique présent sur le gène Ccnd1 chez la souris nous a permis de cibler spécifiquement les cellules cancéreuses, nous avons pensé que des mutations retrouvées dans les cancers humains représentaient une option de ciblage. Ainsi, nous avons étendu le concept TAG-RNAi aux mutations somatiques caractéristiques des cancers pour cibler avec succès l'expression des mutants KRAS-G12V ou BRAF-V600E comme exemples. L'idée est donc d'identifier les mutations de Ccnd1 chez les patientes afin d'appliquer le TAG-RNAi comme une thérapie personnalisée afin d’éviter les effets secondaires. Enfin, l'expression de CycD1 représente un nouveau biomarqueur pour le cancer et les troubles liés à l'âge: de faibles taux prédisposent aux maladies dégénératives tandis que des taux élevés indiquent une susceptibilité accrue au cancer.Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women. This cancer is the leading cause of death in women aged from 35 to 65 years old. Different treatments are now available depending on tumor subtypes. However, some patients are still refractory to these therapies and are at risk of disease relapse. Cancer research has long focused on aberrant cancer cell division but today it is evident that the resistance to programmed cell death is also a major characteristic of the disease.D-type cyclins regulate cell cycle by allowing the transition from the G1-phase to the S-phase. These regulatory subunits activate the Cyclin-Dependent Kinases 4/6 (CDK4/6) that phosphorylate the retinoblastoma proteins which then release the E2F transcription factors. Nuclear Cyclin D1 (CycD1) is therefore central in the control of division. The Ccnd1 gene is amplified in human cancers and half of breast cancer patients bare an overexpression of CycD1. CycD1 is required for mammary carcinoma onset and progression in a CDK4 kinase-dependent manner. Hence, specific CDK4/6 inhibitors have been developed and authorized in the clinics against breast cancer. Unfortunately, some patients remain insensitive to this treatment. In this frame, the specific targeting of CycD1 could represent a strategic alternative in clinics to overcome these pitfalls. Indeed, in addition to cell cycle regulation with CDK4, CycD1 is also involved in CDK4-independent features of cancer cells like cell survival. However, to date, no clear mechanism for the impact of CycD1 in tumor maintenance is established to demonstrate the therapeutic value of its targeting.Moreover, recent studies have demonstrated the participation of CycD1 in adult organs to regulate glucose metabolism and hematopoiesis. As a consequence, to avoid any undesirable side effects, we decided to gauge the potential CycD1 implication in post-mitotic organs body-wide. We set up a new hypersensitive technology named Tandem-HTRF based on the energy transfer between two antibodies to reveal the unexpected dynamics of CycD1 expression in adult organ. Then, we discovered that alterations of CycD1 expression induced dramatic functional consequences on the survival capacities of healthy adult post-mitotic cells.Based on these limitations, we developed a novel RNAi approach specific to cancer cells named TAG-RNAi. This technology allows the silencing of CycD1 in cancer cells only to spare healthy cells. This innovative approach consists in the targeting of a mRNA tag only present on CycD1 from cancer cells. Using this technique, we found that the specific silencing of CycD1 induces a rapid and spontaneous regression of tumors driven by the RAS or ERBB2 oncogenes. Then, thanks to a proteomics screening in vivo, I discovered that under pro-apoptotic stresses the cytoplasmic CycD1 interacts with the procaspase-3 protein and blocks its activation to prevent cancer cell apoptosis. Altogether, my work demonstrates the clinical value of the specific targeting of CycD1 in cancers to increase the efficacy of chemotherapeutic treatments.Hence, it remained to be determined how to apply in patients RNAi against CycD1 only in cancer cells. Because the exotic tagging of its gene was instrumental in mice cancer models, we reasoned that human cancer mutations could represent such a specific tag. We have extended the concept of TAG-RNAi to somatic mutations characteristic of human cancers to successfully target the expression of KRAS-G12V or BRAF-V600E mutants as examples. The idea is therefore to identify Ccnd1 mutations in cancer patients in order to apply TAG-RNAi as a custom therapeutic approach that will manage side effects. More unanticipated, CycD1 expression represents a new biomarker for both cancer and age-related disorders: low CycD1 levels predispose to degenerative complications while high CycD1 levels indicate increased susceptibility to cancer and resistance to treatment
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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