1,721,027 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Bathymetric patterns of genetic variation in the coral-algal symbiosis
No full textLocal and global anthropogenic stressors on coral reefs are projected to increase over the next few decades. The extent to which reefs are affected by these stressors, however, is not uniform and may vary across reef environments. Deep reef areas, for example, have been hypothesized to be less susceptible to certain major disturbances (e.g., thermal bleaching events), which led to the proposition of the ‘deep reef refugia’ hypothesis (DRRH). The premise of the DRRH is that deep reef areas: (1) are protected (to some extent) from disturbances that affect shallow reef areas and (2) can provide a viable reproductive source for shallow reef areas following disturbance. This thesis critically evaluated these assumptions through careful examination of published literature and three molecular case studies that assessed the genetic diversity and structuring of corals and their associated algal endosymbionts (Symbiodinium) between distinct reef habitats on the Great Barrier Reef (GBR). The assumptions underlying the DRRH were first critically evaluated by reviewing the available data from Caribbean reefs due to the fact that there is considerably more information from this region compared to the Indo-Pacific. Although there is evidence that deep reefs (>30 m) can escape the direct effects of storm-induced waves and thermal bleaching events, deep reefs are not immune from disturbance and the notion that deep reef areas are generally protected from disturbances is not supported. Furthermore, the potential of deep reefs to provide a viable reproductive source for shallow reef areas following disturbance is only partly supported in that it is necessarily limited to ‘depth-generalist’ coral species (~25% of the total coral biodiversity), and larval connectivity may be limited by genetic structuring of host and symbiont populations over large depth ranges. Although Symbiodinium communities associated with shallow reef environments have been relatively well studied, little is known about symbiont diversity in deep reef areas of the Indo- Pacific. Symbiodinium diversity was therefore assessed in 10 coral genera from 45 to 70 m depth on the GBR using ITS2-DGGE. The deep-water Symbiodinium community consisted largely of pandemic host generalists, such as C1 and C3, which are also commonly found in shallow water corals across the Pacific and Caribbean. Several coral genera (e.g., Seriatopora, Montipora and Porites) harbored the same symbiont types (respectively C3n, C17 and C15) that were reported previously for these genera in shallow areas of the GBR, however most of the symbiont types identified here were previously found in association with other coral species or genera than those assessed in this study. This preliminary survey indicates that the bathymetric and physiological ranges of known Symbiodinium types may extend further than presently known, and that association with ‘depth-specialist’ Symbiodinium types is not necessarily an obligate strategy of corals with broad depth distributions. A mitochondrial (putative control region) and nuclear (three microsatellites) genetic assessment of the ubiquitous brooding coral (Seriatopora hystrix) coupled with an ITS2 assessment of its associated Symbiodinium across three adjacent reef habitats (spanning ~30 m depth) at three locations on the GBR revealed strong genetic structuring between host populations from adjacent habitats/depths (microsatellites: FST = 0.201-0.275; mtDNA: !HAB- TOT = 0.832). However, high levels of genetic similarity (e.g., FST = 0.012) were evident between similar habitats/depths from different locations. A concordant habitat partitioning of both the coral host and its symbionts was observed, with four mitochondrial haplotypes (corresponding to four genetic clusters based on microsatellite analyses) and three Symbiodinium types occurring predominantly in particular habitats. The observed association of host and symbiont lineages with specific habitats, replicated across all loci and at two different locations, is consistent distinct sympatric gene pools that are maintained through ecologically-based selection. Furthermore, the strong genetic structuring of S. hystrix host and its symbiont populations across a depth gradient suggest that vertical connectivity (along the reef slope) may be limited in this species and opposes the assumption that deep reef populations can act as a viable reproductive source for shallow reef areas following disturbance. The role of functional differences and divergent selection in the zonation of S. hystrix host- symbiont associations (i.e., ecotypes) was explored through a 14-month reciprocal transplantation across habitats. Survival was generally higher for fragments transplanted back to their habitat of origin (~ 60%) compared to fragments transplanted to a different habitat (~ 20%), suggesting that partitioning may be due to differential selective pressures across habitats. There was only limited evidence for Symbiodinium 'shuffling'
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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