249 research outputs found
EVROPEANIZIMI I SHQIPËRISË DHE MAQEDONISË SË VERIUT: NJË ANALIZË KRAHASIMORE E PERIUDHËS 2000-2019
No full textABSTRACT
The main purpose of this thesis is to contribute to the field of Europeanisation and European Integration in the Western Balkan, as the potential region to join the European Union. For this purpose, Albania and North Macedonia were used as case studies to measure the progress of Europeanisation through the policy adaptation process in these two countries, from 2000 to 2019. Following this approach, the thesis has developed the main research question: 1) Has the Europeanisation regarding the policy adaptation been reached out on same levels in Albania and North Macedonia during the period 2000-2019? Consequently, the thesis developed the following hypothesis: 1) While Albania and North Macedonia are found at the same stage of the Accession process by the year 2019, it doesn’t neccessarely make the case for the both countries to have the same results regarding policy adaptation in the whole spectrum of the Accession criteria.
The thesis employs a comparative analysis based on the “Small-N” case-based approach, aiming to find the similarities and differences in 3 (three) indicators: 1) Political System; 2) Judiciary; and 3) Good neighbourly relations and regional cooperation. These indicators are assessed on their Europeanisation progression based on the “three-degree approach” of policy adoption (verbal, legal, and substantive) based on the work of Elbasani (2013). Through this research design, the thesis provides a new approach in the application of the Europeanisation literature in the context of the candidate countries and beyond. In particular, the use Elbasani’s (2013) three-degree level of policy adoption measurement in
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the practice on measuring the Europeanisation on concrete countries through the use of a comparative analysis.
The results of the analysis indicate that the Europeanisation of the policy adaptation process in Albania and North Macedonia has been tumultuous and at approximate levels of difficulty but retaining particular differences. In the political system, the most distinctive differences are reflected by their political composition and political maturity. In the Judiciary, the most distinctive differences are reflected by the extension of reforms in this sector and the efficiency of the system. Lastly, in the Good neighbourly relations and regional cooperation, the most distinctive differences are reflected by the bilateral relations established with the neighbours.
Overall, both countries have shown to progress over the years, by addressing several issues, however, considering that North Macedonia has resulted to reach out the EU accession milstones quicker than Albania, and in parallel also the Europeanisation in two of the three variables, it may indicate that it will move at the similar pace even during the accession negotiations phase but taking into consideration that the solving of the issue with Bulgaria will play a role prior to the singing of the accession Treaty.
In conclusion, the results serve as reference points that can be useful to predict the dynamics regarding the said indicators of the Europeanisation of these two countries. However, the approach taken for the comparative analysis cannot be considered as the sole model to assess Europeanisation
The Europeanisation of Good Neighborly Relations and Regional Cooperation Criteria: A Comparison between Albania and North Macedonia
No full textGood neighbourly relations and regional cooperation demand that all the
bilateral relations of a country be stable and that all the disputes are to be resolved
before the signing of the Accession Treaty. Considering that Albania and North
Macedonia are two candidate countries which are found at the same stage of the EU
Accession, and the weight that such criteria hold for these countries, it is necessary to
provide an assessment of their preparation in this regard. The EU studies field provides
for the use of Europeanisation literature to measure the fulfilment of the Accession
criteria, one approach of which is measuring the policy adoption. For this purpose,
Albania and North Macedonia were used as case studies to measure the progress of
Europeanisation through the policy adaptation process as regarding Good neighbourly
relations and regional cooperation during the period 2000-2019
Understanding Russian Hybrid Warfare against Europe in the energy sector and in the future ‘energy-resources-climate’ security nexus.
No full textTo avoid escalations to full kinetic (military) wars is imperative to win the non-kinetic part of the so-called “hybrid warfare”, which use both kinetic and non-kinetic methods. The goal of the non-kinetic methods of hybrid warfare, or as others call it “grey zone” activities, or “subthreshold” tactics, is to defeat hearts and minds, as well as pockets, of adversaries, with social, political, and economic tools. This article focuses on energy as the crucial sector of the economic tools, and specifically uses an innovative approach, what the author calls the ‘energy-resources-climate security nexus’, as a new battleground for future strategic competition and hybrid warfare between Europe, Russia and other rivals.
Before the Russian invasion of Ukraine Putin engaged Europe with non-military hybrid warfare. The hybrid warfare tactics employed by Russia especially in the energy sector have posed challenges the EU and NATO, who were unprepared but two organizations showed resilience and adaptation, starting to fight back. The problem is not only the Western dependence on Russian energy but also how the green transition pushed by climate change, that could be exploited with hybrid warfare. In the future is important to increase NATO-EU cooperation to fight other rivals too, like China, that could use new hybrid threats, especially because of the energy transition
Le Muse dei Bonarelli. Il teatro di Prospero e l'eredità di Guidubaldo
No full textIl contributo prende in esame le modalità con le quali Prospero Bonarelli (1588-1659) diedi inizio alla sua carriera letteraria e teatrale mettendo a frutto il prestigio derivante dalla fama di suo fratello Guidubaldo (1563-1608), autore della celebre favola pastorale Filli di Sciro. Come attraversamento tematico di carattere preliminare, l’articolo si apre prendendo in esame le modalità con le quali Prospero tematizza la continuità tra la sua produzione letteraria e quella del fratello nel suo epistolario e in due testi in particolare: l’Introduzione Alle Opere di Guidubaldo da lui stesso curate e nella supplica a Ferdinando II, il cui testo è pubblicato in appendice. Nelle restanti pagine il saggio si articola in tre parti. Nella prima parte l’autore ricostruisce le vicende della famiglia Bonarelli tra il 1575 e il 1655; nella seconda parte analizza come Prospero amministrò l’eredità letteraria del fratello, tra le scene e la tipografia, in un periodo compreso tra il 1608, data di morte di Guidubaldo, e il 1612; nella parte conclusiva si sofferma sulle modalità con le quali Prospero mise a frutto la rete di contatti ereditata dal fratello in occasione del suo esordio in veste di autore teatrale con il Solimano.The essay provides an analysis of how Prospero Bonarelli (1588-1659) started his literary and theatrical career taking advantage of the fame of his brother Guidubaldo (1563-1608), author of the famous pastoral play Filli di Sciro. As an introduction to such an argument the essay studies how Prospero represented his relationship with the “heritage” of his brother in his letters and in two different texts: the Introduction to the edition of Guidubaldo’s Works he edited and a petition to the Duke of Tuscany Ferdinando II, a document which is here published as an appendix. The rest of the essay is divided into three parts. In the first part the author provides a reconstruction of the history of Bonarelli’s family in the years from 1575 to 1655; in the second part he studies how Prospero managed, both metaphorically and practically, the heritage of manuscripts and fame his brother provided him from 1608 (the year of Guidubaldo’s death) to 1612; in the third and last part he shows how Prospero used the network of friends and patrons “inherited” by his brother in order to promote his first theatrical work, the tragedy Solimano
Dalla letteratura alla storia. L’edizione di Percy S. Allen dell’Opus epistolarum Desideri Erasmi Roterodami
No full textABSTRACT This article aims to discuss the ecdotic choices and the impact of Percys S. Allen’s scholar edition of the complete letters by Erasmus (1906-1958), a seminal enterprise in the field of Renaissance studies. The Opus epistolarum (named after the most important book of letters published by Erasmus himself in 1529) was conceived as the definitive edition of all the letters written by, and sent to, the Dutch humanist. That goal implied a radical change in the arrangements followed by previous editors and the choice of mixing the letters published during Erasmus’ lifetime with those unpublished, taken from different sources (manuscripts and later editions). Allen’s edition is indeed based on the assumption that Erasmus’ letters should be considered not as pieces of literature but «recognised as one of the best sources for the history of his age». Such an idea inspired the commentary to the letters, the core of the edition itself and the starting point for a new and deeper study of Erasmus’ life and work that eventually made the enterprise of the ASD possible. Such an attitude towards this epistolary corpus, thought, could run the risk of underestimating the impact on Erasmus’ own rework of the letters he published, leading to a simplistic use of them as source of information. In the last part of the essay, the author discusses the case of Petrarch’s letters, with a comparison between the Opus epistolarum and Vittorio Rossi’s edition of the Familiares
A colloquio con Luciano di Samosata: Leon Battista Alberti, Giovanni Pontano ed Erasmo da Rotterdam
No full textIl volume studia le modalita' con le quali tre grandi scrittori, appartenenti a momenti diversi nella storia dell’Umanesimo, hanno assimilato il corpus lucianeo e se ne sono serviti nelle loro opere. A differenza delle monografie sull’influsso di Luciano in occidente di Christopher Robinson, Enrico Mattioli, Christiane Lauvergnat-Gagnière e David Marsh, strutturate a partire dai temi e basate su una veloce ricognizione su un numero elevato di testi, il volume si concentra su un numero limitato di autori, le opere dei quali sono caratterizzate da una forte carica sperimentale e da una raffinata contaminazione tra diversi modelli. Il volume, dopo una preliminare ricognizione sulle caratteristiche del corpus lucianeo e una breve trattazione sulla ricezione di Luciano presso gli umanisti, si articola in tre capitoli dedicati a Leon Battista Alberti, Giovanni Pontano ed Erasmo da Rotterdam. L’analisi della presenza di Luciano viene condotta attraverso una ricostruzione del contesto nel quale avviene la ripresa tematica o l’allusione, con l’intento di delineare le diverse modalita' attraverso le quali ciascun autore interpreta, risematizza, “smembra” e riscrive Luciano. Ogni capitolo si apre con una ricognizione nelle pagine che ciascun autore ha dedicato a Luciano, quindi, prima di passare a discutere i singoli fenomeni intertestuali, ripercorre la storia e la struttura delle opere di volta in volta prese in esame (le “Intercenales”, il “Momus”, il “Charon”, i “Colloquia” e il “Morae encomium”). Dall’analisi di opere tanto diverse emergono alcune costanti che rappresentano le caratteristiche del lucianesimo quattrocentesco: in tutti e tre gli scrittori, infatti, l’incontro con Luciano è l’occasione per innovare i generi di volta in volta affrontati, attraverso l'adozione del registro serio-comico. Tanto per Alberti quanto per Pontano ed Erasmo, Luciano non e' un modello unico, imitato pedissequamente, ma catalizza piuttosto un’aemulatio che avviene su più livelli, contaminando più autori. Il corpus lucianeo, dunque, in virtù della sua straordinaria varietà, rappresenta, oltre ad un tesoro di suggestioni, personaggi e notizie erudite, anche uno stimolo per sperimentare una prassi imitativa che vada oltre un canone troppo rigidamente classico ed aureo.The book studies how three great writers, belonging to different moments in the history of humanism, have assimilated the works of Lucian and used them in their works. The book, after a preliminary survey on the characteristics of the corpus lucianeo and a brief discussion on the receipt of Luciano among the humanists, is divided into three chapters devoted to Leon Battista Alberti, Giovanni Pontano and Erasmus of Rotterdam. The analysis of the presence of Lucian is conducted through a reconstruction of the context in which lucianic theme or allusion occurs, with the intent to outline the different waw in which each author rewrites Luciano
Organized Crime in Albania: A Path Dependence Perspective
No full textAlbanian organized crime has gained attention from the media and academia due to its significant role in international criminal world. Many studies have showcased Albanian criminal groups’ main characteristics and what makes them stand out. Nevertheless, such studies lack a theoretical application that binds the findings and provides an extensive panorama of Albanian organized crime development. Implying that the formation of Albanian organized crime is not a coincidence but rather an ongoing process, this study refers to path dependence theory to explain such an occurrence. Traditionally, the study of path dependence has focused on explaining how standards or rules become reinforced and determinant in a set environment by passing through three sequential stages. Consequently, the study uses a three-phase model to analyze Albanian organized crime from its inception to its latest stage
La poesia religiosa di Guittone
No full textIl saggio prende in esame il corpus di poesie religiose di Guittone (6 ballate e 2 sonetti) con l'intento di discutere sia il ruolo di tali componimenti nel libro di rime (L), sia la cultura teologica dell'autore.The essay focuses on the small yet relevant corpus of religious poems written by Guittone (6 ballate and 2 sonnets) aiming to discussion both the role of such poems in guittone’s book of rhymes and the theological culture of their author
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