1,720,967 research outputs found
Valutazione dei livelli di TGF-β1 e IL-10 nel latte materno di madri allergiche e non allergiche
No full textIl neonato al momento della nascita presenta un sistema immunitario immaturo, non
completamente sviluppato e quindi proprio per questo il bambino risulta essere più
predisposto a sviluppare infezioni batteriche e virali. E’ noto che il latte materno ha
azione protettiva nei confronti di eventuali infezioni; al contrario ciò che non trova ancora
un completo accordo fra gli Autori è il possibile ruolo protettivo del latte materno nei
confronti delle allergie dell’infanzia 2: i dati presenti sono controversi e ciò probabilmente
è dovuto al fatto che l’immunoprotezione conferita dal latte umano varia molto da madre a
madre. Sembra che il latte di madri allergiche abbia una composizione diversa da quello di
madri non allergiche anche se al momento non si conoscono con certezza quali siano i
componenti responsabili del diverso effetto che ha il latte sullo sviluppo del sistema
immunitario del neonato. Tra i possibili candidati figurano citochine, acidi grassi, leucociti
e immunoglobuline 3-5
Bisogna inoltre ricordare che oltre alle componenti del latte, sono molte le variabili che
influenzano lo sviluppo del sistema immunitario del neonato e l’insorgere di allergie, ad
esempio la durata dell’allattamento, l’età materna, la dieta della gestante, il tabagismo
durante la gravidanza, l’allattamento e, in ambiente domestico, l’esposizione ad allergeni e
la familiarità per malattie allergiche, soprattutto se a soffrirne è la madre5.
Resta quindi aperto il dibattito sul possibile ruolo protettivo del latte materno nei confronti
delle malattie atopiche e sull’esistenza o meno di differenze nella composizione del latte di
madri allergiche e non allergiche.
In questo studio mi sono occupata di indagare quali siano le differenze nella composizione
del latte di madri allergiche e non allergiche e di vedere quale relazione ci sia tra tale
composizione e lo sviluppo di dermatite nell’infanzia.
La prospettiva finale è quella di ottenere dei dati sicuri sulle caratteristiche e l’influenza
dell’allattamento materno sullo sviluppo di allergie, per poter forse in futuro prevenire o
attenuare l’effetto di alcuni fattori di rischio e potenziare quello dei fattori protettivi.Non disponibil
La metodica dell’espettorato indotto
No full textTra le varie tecniche per la valutazione del livello di infiammazione delle vie aeree, particolarmente importanti nei pazienti con asma bronchiale, l’espettorato indotto presenta il vantaggio di poter raccogliere sia cellule che mediatori solubili dalle vie aeree stesse. In tal modo è possibile ottenere informazioni più complete ed articolate rispetto ad un singolo parametro, come può essere il livello di ossido nitrico esalato, senza comunque esporre il bambino ai rischi di indagini più invasive quali una broncoscopia. La metodica è relativamente semplice, sicura e ben accettata già dai bambini in età scolare. Sui campioni ottenuti si possono eseguire osservazioni di citologia, immunocitologia e dosaggio di mediatori solubili. I principali limiti, oltre all’imprescindibile collaborazione da parte del paziente, sono rappresentati dal tempo necessario alla raccolta e alla processazione del campione, dalla necessità di poter disporre di personale adeguatamente preparato e di un laboratorio adeguatamente attrezzato, nonché dall’impossibilità di dare una risposta immediata al paziente. Per questi motivi, attualmente l’induzione dell’espettorato indotto, pur fornendo notevoli informazioni relative alla flogosi delle vie aeree, rappresenta ancora uno strumento soprattutto finalizzato a scopi di ricerca
Pearls and pitfalls of bathing in atopic dermatitis
No full textThe latest guidelines of the American Academy of Dermatology suggest bathing as an advantageous nonpharmacologic intervention for regular skin care of patients with atopic dermatitis. Regular bathing with water can hydrate the skin, remove scale, crust, irritants, and allergens, enhance penetration of topical agents, and potentially reduce bacterial colonization. However, it is still unclear whether the addition of oils, emollients, and other additives to bath water may produce further benefits for the management of atopic dermatitis. This article will review current pearls and pitfalls of adding salts and nonirritating, nonsensitizing substances to water baths for the long-term maintenance treatment of atopic dermatitis in children
An exploratory (1) H-nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics study reveals altered urine spectral profiles in infants with atopic dermatitis.
No full textThe prevalence of diagnosed AD in a population of preschool children has been observed to be above 15%,1 therefore representing a major health impact in paediatrics
Exhaled nitric oxide daily evaluation is effective in monitoring exposure to relevant allergens in asthmatic children.
No full textThough asthma is an airway inflammatory disease, the assessment of treatment efficacy is mainly based on symptom monitoring and the evaluation of lung function parameters. This study was aimed to evaluate the feasibility of exhaled nitric oxide monitoring in allergic asthmatic children who were exposed to relevant allergens in their homes.
Twenty-two children allergic to mites underwent twice-daily fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) therapy using a portable device (NIOX MINO; Aerocrine AB; Stockholm, Sweden) and peak expiratory flow (PEF) measurements before, during, and after periods of natural exposure to mite allergens. The children were admitted to the study if they had lived in a mite-free environment for 3 months. They were observed in this environment for 10 days and then were moved to a site with natural mite exposure at sea level for 19 days. Finally, they were relocated to the mite-free environment for a period of 6 days for follow-up measurements.
Significant differences were seen between the mite-free baseline FeNO level (26.4 parts per billion [ppb]; range, 19.3 to 36.2 ppb) and FeNO levels measured during natural mite exposure (37.3 ppb; 27.3 to 51 ppb) and after natural mite exposure (34.9 natural mite exposure; 25.2 to 48.2 ppb). Six children reported asthma symptoms during the mite exposure, and an increase in FeNO was observed in each case (p<0.031); PEF values showed no significant differences, whether between the different environments or between different periods.
These data give further evidence for a possible role of frequent determinations of FeNO in order to promptly assess changes in the level of airway inflammation in asthmatic children
Ambroxol inhibits neutrophil respiratory burst activated by alpha chain integrin adhesion.
No full textThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the possible anti-oxidant effect(s) of Ambroxol on neutrophils activated by ligand-binding of the drug with membrane-associated adhesion integrin CD11a and to estimate dose-response changes in oxygen free radical production
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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