1,721,008 research outputs found
Protocols to manage postoperative pain in neonates and children hospitalized in a surgical ward. Methodological issues and cultural background
No full textThe authors describe the cultural background and methods they adopted to construct protocols for analgesia in newborns and children hospitalized in a surgical ward. Drugs and dosages are reported in the Appendix, whereas scales for pain measurement and cut off ratings for rescue doses (or otherwise relevant) are described respectively in Tables 2 and 3. Genetics and cognitive structures play a crucial role in pain and analgesia. Protocols have a critical role, however their application must be tailored to the single child
Bronchoscopy in newborns with esophageal atresia
No full textThe aim was to evaluate the influence of rigid laryngotracheo-bronchoscopy in newborns with oesophageal atresia (OA) and tracheoesophageal fistula (TOF) in preventing complications, improving diagnosis and surgical treatment. Among 76 consecutive newborns, received in the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) from January 1990 to September 2001 with prenatal o perinatal suspected OA, forty-five had one or more other congenital anomalies. They were divided in I Montreal's risk group for 73.7% (56) and in the II one for 26.3% (20). Endoscopic procedure was performed in the operating room with Storz's rigid ventilating bronchoscope just before surgery, in all babies. With bronchoscopic examination we were able to identify the level, number and size of TOF and to visualise anatomical variants in 76 children. 15 children with OA had a gasless abdomen, but an upper pouch fistula was found only in three cases. In another four cases bronchoscopy confirmed the diagnosis of an "H" fistula and cervical surgical approach was established. One case had only oesophageal stenosis. 56 patients had fistula in lower pouch and in the last 38 cases we proceeded with selective transtracheal fistula incannulation and then we provided gastric drainage. One quadriforcation, 2 triforcations, 3 aberrant right upper lobe bronchi, 1 congential subglottic stenosis and 1 associated with a congenital subglottic stenosis and 1 left main bronchus agenesia were detected. No complications were correlated to the procedure and no babies had early pneumonia. Continuous feeding was achieved in 70 out of 76 patients: 46 primary anastomosis with 12 staged repairs (OA I and II type long gap), 4 resections of TEF, 8 oesophagocoloplasty. Nine babies (11.8%) did not survive. Clinical follow-up was possible in all the survivors. Mortality rate in the high-risk patients with OA remains high because of the many complications that may occur. Tracheal endoscopy is useful in improving the diagnostic approach and to prevent pulmonary complications. Fistula incannulation minimizes the risk of gastric distension and its detrimental effect on ventilation, helping the surgeon to identify TEF easily and quickly. Moreover, the endoscopic approach offers obvious advantages for the anaesthesiologist and the surgeon and has proven, in our experience, to be effective
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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