1,720,976 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Physical and interdisciplinary approaches of the extracellular vesicle field : new tools and techniques toward clinical translation in regenerative medicine and drug delivery
No full textLes vésicules extracellulaires sont des nano-vésicules (100nm) comprenant les exosomes, microvesicules et corps apoptotiques, sécrétées par toutes les cellules de l’organisme. Elles ont des rôles physiologiques et physiopathologiques dans l’hémostase, l’inflammation, la transmission d’information et de molécules biologiques, les métastases, ou la régénération tissulaire. Par exemple, des vésicules issues de cellules souches mésenchymateuses ont le même effet que leur cellule mère dans la régénération du myocarde infarci, mais ont beaucoup d’avantages par rapport à ces dernières : possibilité de les conserver au congélateur, peu immunogènes, ne provoquant pas d’embolies, pas de risque de différentiation anarchique, etc. Toutefois, l’utilisation en clinique de ces vésicules reste difficile pour des raisons pratiques : très faible production par les cellules, difficulté à les caractériser, méthodes de chargement avec des agents thérapeutique peu reproductible, méthodes d’imagerie ou de d’ingénierie peu efficientes, etc. Nous avons développé des méthodes pour répondre à ces défis, croisant la biologie, la pharmacie et la physique, et avons pu découvrir que certaines de ces techniques pouvaient être utilisées dans d’autres domaines et pour d’autres indications. En pratique, pour répondre au problème de la caractérisation des vésicules, nous avons proposé une nouvelle méthode d’imagerie utilisant le microscope électronique en cellule liquide « in situ » pour observer des vésicules dans leur milieu liquide en temps réel, et peut être utilisé pour observer d’autres matériaux et phénomènes comme les liposomes ou des processus biologiques. Nous avons proposé une nouvelle méthode de chargement des vésicules avec des molécules thérapeutiques en les fusionnant avec des liposomes, permettant la délivrance d’agents de chimiothérapie plus efficacement que des liposomes. La méthode de production des vésicules à grand rendement a nécessité 3 d’itérations successives, toutes basées sur le même concept de vésiculation induite par une contrainte mécanique, et a abouti à une méthode efficace, scalable, et conformes aux standards de production pharmaceutique. La protéomique de ces vésicules montre des expressions de protéines plus proche d’un sous type de vésicule issues de la membrane plasmique appelées microvésicules. Les vésicules issues de cette méthode ont été testées in vitro avec succès, induisent un phénotype régénératif dans des modèles cicatrisation de fistule cutanéo-digestives et des modèles murins d’insuffisance cardiaque chronique. D’autres études sur les vésicules produites par cette méthode sont en cours sur la régénération osseuse, articulaire et cérébrale, ou la délivrance de médicaments et sur l’inhibition du phénomène métastatique en cancérologie. Nous commençons aujourd’hui à défricher le transfert de ces vésicules en clinique par le biais de productions en conditions pharmaceutiques dites et de la mise en place d’une start-up.Extracellular Vesicles, encompassing exosomes, microvesicles, apoptotic bodies are nanosized vesicles secreted by most cells of the organism, that demonstrated physiologic and physio-pathologic roles in various processes like hemostasis, metastasis, information transfer through biological macromolecules or more recently in inflammation resolution in regenerative medicine. Therapeutic use of these EVs, in particular as drug delivery systems or as a regeneration triggering agent is of a major interest, for example the use Mesenchymal Stem Cells derived EVs after myocardial infarction or stroke. EV recapitulate their parental cell effect and benefit from unique opportunities like off the shelf availability, low immunogenicity and no anarchic differentiation or pulmonary embolism. However, major obstacles are still to be faced in the field, like the EV drug loading, engineering, targeting, characterization, delivery method and GMP high yield production toward clinical translation. We developed new methods to respond to these needs at the crossroad of biology, physics, pharmacy and medicine, and discovered meanwhile that some of these techniques can be used in other fields and indications. As an example, a new liquid cell transmission electron microscopy labeling method was used to investigate live in situ at the nanoscale level EVs behavior, and can be used for other “soft” materials like liposomes or biology processes. The PEG induced liposome/EV fusion method was designed to produce biological/synthetic hybrids with engineered membrane properties and drug loading. A first response to the production problem was made designing a microfluidic chip allowing shear stress application to trigger EV production. The concept of shear stress triggered EV release was also used in the design of 2nd generation system for high yield, scalable and compliant with Good Manufacturing Practice, EV production method that uses a controlled shear stress to induce EV secretion. These EVs were tested in regenerative medicine models of fistula healing and chronic heart insufficiency confirming the interest of a new local delivery method using thermosensitive gels and their potency compared to parental cells. Our team is now exploring the scale-up, immunogenicity, and stability of these EVs and benchmarking their cost/efficiency in various models to pave the way toward the democratization of EV-based regenerative medicine through a company/platform creation
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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